Suchergebnisse

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Aware of the persevering weakness of statutory actions led in favour of the fight against floods and of the restoration of the quality of the water, authorities develop contractual devices to incite the agents to improve their practices in every river basin. The devolution of the services of the State, the decentralization and the ardening of standards favor the implementation of the environmental contracts such as "rivers contracts". These contracts (1981) are one of the major tools of the organization and the management of waters. Their development leads to wonder about the conditions of their initiation and implementation and also about their limits. The study of the rivers contracts in the basin of the Saône shows that the success of devices with the owners is not a guarantee of their environmental efficiency. This one depends on the membership of the agents of river basin. Now, the farmers undertake little in such procedures. ; Conscients de la faiblesse persistante des actions réglementaires menées en faveur de la lutte contre les inondations et de la restauration de la qualité de l'eau, les pouvoirs publics développent des dispositifs contractuels afin d'inciter les agents à améliorer leurs pratiqueq ddns chaque bassin versant. La déconcentration des services de I'Etat, la décentralisation et la "sévérisation" des normes favorisent la mise en place des contrats environnementaux tels que les contrats de rivière. Ces contrats (1981) sont un des outils majeurs de I'aménagement et de la gestion des eaux. Leur développement conduit à s'interroger sur les conditions de leur mise en æuvre et sur leur limite. L'étude des contrats de rivière dans le bassin de la Saône montre que le succès des dispositifs auprès des maîtres d'ouvrages n'est pas une garantie de leur efficacité environnementale. Celle-ci dépend de I'adhésion des agents du bassin versant. Or, les agriculteurs s'engagent peu dans de telles procédures.

Abstract: The RECOVER: 2010 project was designed to assess the current and future anthropogenic pressures on sensitive European freshwater ecosystems. This pan–European assessment utilised a standardised predictive modelling approach to evaluate the degree of compliance with respect to the restoration of acidified waters by 2016, as specified under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), and evaluated the environmental benefits of proposed UN-ECE protocols on emissions control. Between 1970 and 2000, observations and model simulations show a significant decline in acidic surface water in all regions of Europe. This demonstrated the success of policies aimed at reducing emission of acidifying compounds. The nature and extent of future regional recovery from acidification is, however, dependent upon the historical pattern of deposition, regional ecosystem characteristics and the role of confounding factors, which may delay the onset of recovery or the magnitude of response. Model predictions to 2010 and beyond emphasise the continued benefit of currently proposed reductions, as reflected by the degree of recovery of freshwater ecosystems. A key component was to link such hydrochemical recovery with ecological response, and the project aimed to evaluate this against current WFD criteria of "good status" and "reference conditions". The RECOVER: 2010 project research has also played a major role in defining the dynamic modelling outputs which will be required to support the review of the Gothenburg Protocol within the work of the UN-ECE CLRTAP Working Group on Effects (WGE), and model outputs have been made available to a range of national agencies throughout Europe. Keyword: recovery, acidification, modelling, policy, good status, reference conditions

International audience ; Abstract: The RECOVER: 2010 project was designed to assess the current and future anthropogenic pressures on sensitive European freshwater ecosystems. This pan?European assessment utilised a standardised predictive modelling approach to evaluate the degree of compliance with respect to the restoration of acidified waters by 2016, as specified under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), and evaluated the environmental benefits of proposed UN-ECE protocols on emissions control. Between 1970 and 2000, observations and model simulations show a significant decline in acidic surface water in all regions of Europe. This demonstrated the success of policies aimed at reducing emission of acidifying compounds. The nature and extent of future regional recovery from acidification is, however, dependent upon the historical pattern of deposition, regional ecosystem characteristics and the role of confounding factors, which may delay the onset of recovery or the magnitude of response. Model predictions to 2010 and beyond emphasise the continued benefit of currently proposed reductions, as reflected by the degree of recovery of freshwater ecosystems. A key component was to link such hydrochemical recovery with ecological response, and the project aimed to evaluate this against current WFD criteria of "good status" and "reference conditions". The RECOVER: 2010 project research has also played a major role in defining the dynamic modelling outputs which will be required to support the review of the Gothenburg Protocol within the work of the UN-ECE CLRTAP Working Group on Effects (WGE), and model outputs have been made available to a range of national agencies throughout Europe. Keyword: recovery, acidification, modelling, policy, good status, reference conditions

International audience ; Abstract: The RECOVER: 2010 project was designed to assess the current and future anthropogenic pressures on sensitive European freshwater ecosystems. This pan?European assessment utilised a standardised predictive modelling approach to evaluate the degree of compliance with respect to the restoration of acidified waters by 2016, as specified under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), and evaluated the environmental benefits of proposed UN-ECE protocols on emissions control. Between 1970 and 2000, observations and model simulations show a significant decline in acidic surface water in all regions of Europe. This demonstrated the success of policies aimed at reducing emission of acidifying compounds. The nature and extent of future regional recovery from acidification is, however, dependent upon the historical pattern of deposition, regional ecosystem characteristics and the role of confounding factors, which may delay the onset of recovery or the magnitude of response. Model predictions to 2010 and beyond emphasise the continued benefit of currently proposed reductions, as reflected by the degree of recovery of freshwater ecosystems. A key component was to link such hydrochemical recovery with ecological response, and the project aimed to evaluate this against current WFD criteria of "good status" and "reference conditions". The RECOVER: 2010 project research has also played a major role in defining the dynamic modelling outputs which will be required to support the review of the Gothenburg Protocol within the work of the UN-ECE CLRTAP Working Group on Effects (WGE), and model outputs have been made available to a range of national agencies throughout Europe. Keyword: recovery, acidification, modelling, policy, good status, reference conditions

Abstract: The RECOVER: 2010 project was designed to assess the current and future anthropogenic pressures on sensitive European freshwater ecosystems. This pan–European assessment utilised a standardised predictive modelling approach to evaluate the degree of compliance with respect to the restoration of acidified waters by 2016, as specified under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), and evaluated the environmental benefits of proposed UN-ECE protocols on emissions control. Between 1970 and 2000, observations and model simulations show a significant decline in acidic surface water in all regions of Europe. This demonstrated the success of policies aimed at reducing emission of acidifying compounds. The nature and extent of future regional recovery from acidification is, however, dependent upon the historical pattern of deposition, regional ecosystem characteristics and the role of confounding factors, which may delay the onset of recovery or the magnitude of response. Model predictions to 2010 and beyond emphasise the continued benefit of currently proposed reductions, as reflected by the degree of recovery of freshwater ecosystems. A key component was to link such hydrochemical recovery with ecological response, and the project aimed to evaluate this against current WFD criteria of "good status" and "reference conditions". The RECOVER: 2010 project research has also played a major role in defining the dynamic modelling outputs which will be required to support the review of the Gothenburg Protocol within the work of the UN-ECE CLRTAP Working Group on Effects (WGE), and model outputs have been made available to a range of national agencies throughout Europe. Keyword: recovery, acidification, modelling, policy, good status, reference conditions

Water is essential for sustaining life and providing ecosystem services for different human needs. In 2000, the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adopted against the background of increasing pressure on the waters of Europe. With the WFD, a new approach to governing freshwater resources within the Union was introduced, aimed at facilitating a shift from fragmented and sectoral water policies to a more holistic, integrated and adaptive governance system at the hydrological scale of river basins. This thesis has examined the Swedish implementation of the directive, with a primary aim to determine whether the Swedish formal institutional framework and water administration are sufficient to fully implement the freshwater governance model provided by the WFD and achieve the environmental results prescribed. The thesis consists of two main parts, where the first provides the contextual framework for the thesis, and the second part consists of four appended papers, which all in different ways contribute to achieving the overall purpose of the thesis. The thesis is founded on legal analysis and qualitative text interpretation of various sources of law, with emphasis on the analysis of national law in light of the WFD as well as EU legal principles and case law developed by the CJEU. The results show that the Swedish freshwater governance system and formal institutional framework encompasses opportunities as well as barriers for implementing the WFD. The governance arrangements reflect the hydrological requirement of the directive, and the Swedish system holds good opportunities for participation in decision-making procedures as well as adaptive potential, as the general legal framework for environmental and water law contains a relatively high degree of flexibility or adaptable rules.However, when analysing the Swedish freshwater governance system in light of four key functions (objectives and direction; administrative structure; adaptive capacity; and control and enforcement) identified in this study as crucial for the formal institutional framework to deliver in such integrated, adaptive and multi-level governance systems the WFD represents, the results reveal that central aspects of all four key functions are missing in the Swedish system. Due to these shortcomings, the overall conclusion is that no full regime shift towards the hydrological, adaptive and integrated system of the WFD has occurred in Sweden; the system for water planning and governance is not clearly reflected in the formal institutional framework nor sufficiently underpinned by the administrative structure at national level. Ten different proposals are presented to remedy the shortcomings.

Introduction and Guide to the Handbook of Water Resources Management: Discourses, Concepts and Examples -- Water a unique phenomenon and resource -- Water and its Management: Dependence, Linkages and Challenges -- A drop in the ocean: on writing histories of water resource management -- Water Ethics -- Water law and rights -- Water discourses -- The water security discourse and its main actors -- Water governance and policies -- Economics of water security -- Drivers, pressures and stressors: the societal framework of water resources management -- Water resources management: integrated and adaptive decision making -- Observation, monitoring and data management -- Assessment of water quantity -- Assessment of land/catchment use and degradation -- Freshwaters: global distribution, biodiversity and ecosystem services, and human pressures -- Water, energy and food relations in Gulf Cooperation Council -- Examples of water resources management options -- Examples of water and land use management -- Water and energy -- Water management and stewardship in mining regions -- Water-related hazard and risk management -- Groundwater and conjunctive use management -- Storage Reservoir Operation and Management -- Complexity in water management and governance.

This book deals with the water policy and management in Canada. It discusses various problems and risks in the fresh and drinking water supply in the second largest country in the world. Mohammed Dore argues that water is underpriced and used wastefully in Canada. In selected case studies, he illustrates the major threats from human activity to Canadian freshwaters and drinking water resources, including manufacturing, mining, oil sands production, animal farming and agricultural use. Selected case studies include reviews of even dramatic incidences, e.g. the Walkerton tragedy of 2000, when 7 people were killed and 200 went onto permanent dialysis treatment because of water contamination with harmful pathogens. The book warns that wastewater treatment standards are often not sufficient, so that many drinking water resources are in peril of wastewater contamination. As most of the water resources are provincial responsibility, the book discusses the water management policies in the different provinces separately. Through a detailed discussion and statistical analyses, it can define water policy and management lessons that emerge from the investigated case studies. It ends by contrasting water policy and practice in Canada with the practice in some European countries

This book deals with the water policy and management in Canada. It discusses various problems and risks in the fresh and drinking water supply in the second largest country in the world. Mohammed Dore argues that water is underpriced and used wastefully in Canada. In selected case studies, he illustrates the major threats from human activity to Canadian freshwaters and drinking water resources, including manufacturing, mining, oil sands production, animal farming and agricultural use. Selected case studies include reviews of even dramatic incidences, e.g. the Walkerton tragedy of 2000, when 7 people were killed and 200 went onto permanent dialysis treatment because of water contamination with harmful pathogens. The book warns that wastewater treatment standards are often not sufficient, so that many drinking water resources are in peril of wastewater contamination. As most of the water resources are provincial responsibility, the book discusses the water management policies in the different provinces separately. Through a detailed discussion and statistical analyses, it can define water policy and management lessons that emerge from the investigated case studies. It ends by contrasting water policy and practice in Canada with the practice in some European countries.