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Postwar reconstruction and rehabilitation in Afghanistan in economic and social sectors, collected articles

There have been a number of philosophical, legal and political concepts dealing with the issue of peace. The most famous discourse on the topic of peace is undoubtedly Kant's writing "Perpetual Peace" not only for the cogency of its ideas but also for the applicability of the majority of them in practice, particularly in terms of collective security. Kant's starting point was that peace is a rational and moral imperative of human nature, realized solely through human efforts. Though written two hundred years ago, his ideas have found acolytes in the post-coldwar period since they are, to a large extent, considered as emancipatory. Kant finds the guarantees for the realization of peace in the moral doctrine and thus rejects the use of force in the creation of peace. The relations among states are based on cooperation, not competition so that some elements of his project are reminiscent of the solutions applied in the system of collective security. The author looks into the viability of Kant's ideas in the post-coldwar period. (SOI : PM: S. 69)

On the occasion of the bicentennial of the publication of Kant's "Treatise on perpetual peace", the author attempts to evoke and actualize that classic of modern philosophy of politics. According to Hajo Schmidt, the strong point of Kant's concept was his realism which prevented him from slipping into intellectual, utopian idealization of human nature and political relations among people. Having in mind not only the rational but also irrational aspects of human nature, i.e. the insuperable chasm between good and evil, Kant in that respect offers edifying peacemaking propositions. This he achieves by advocating the concepts of free individuals, independent national states and the cosmopolitan unity of humankind. These three moments make up the content of Kant's concept of republicanism. Their identity and plurality are the foundations of the world peace. (SOI : PM: S. 18)

Der Autor geht von der These Carl Schmitts vom Bürgerkrieg als dem Wesen der liberalen Demokratie aus. Innere und äußere Sicherheit vor einem Kriegszustand blieben immer instabil. Der Krieg auf dem Balkan habe nun gezeigt, daß Europa nicht mehr (wie von 1945 an bis dahin) in der Lage sei, mit dem Einsatz sekundärer Mittel einen Konflikt zu lösen, da es über solche im Rahmen der bisherigen europäischen Integration nicht koordiniert verfüge und zu ihrem Einsatz auch gar nicht bereit sei. Der neue Balkankrieg müsse daher Anstoß zu einer Umorientierung der europäischen politischen Integration sein. Für das Erreichen einer Stabilität gebenden europäischen politischen Größe sei dabei eine "republikanische Korrektur der liberalen Demokratie" (S.99) unabdingbar. (SOI-Clw)

The author deals with "the three definite articles" of Kant's text "Towards the perpetual peace", their inner logic and their interdependence. Peace in the world can only be achieved if the constitution is republican, if the relations among the states are based on federalness and if the right of the citizen of the world is secured. The author highlights the importance and the novelty of the right which belongs to a person as a citizen of the world, and not only as a citizen of a particular state. (SOI : PM: S. 13)