Suchergebnisse

The Northern Dimension of the Russian Gas Strategy / by Jakub M. Godzimirski. - S. 2-5 Gazprom and Russia's Great Eastern Pipe-Dreams / by Nina Poussenkova. - S. 5-11

Landfill gas (LFG) management can help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to the overall safe operation of a landfill, sometimes simultaneously generating revenue. However, financing these systems can be a challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. Recognizing that landfill emissions are expected to rise into the foreseeable future, this report outlines a variety of ways that city governments, private landfill owners, or other project developers finance LFG management systems that mitigate these emissions. It is intended to offer policy-makers and practitioners an overview of financing models that have been used around the world and insights from existing projects, including key enabling conditions and risk mitigation strategies.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Oil and gas is a major source of energy worldwide. Therefore its significance for Nigeria as a major producer cannot be understated. Notwithstanding the huge revenue derived from oil and gas, its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is minimal. This can be ascribed to the fact that there has been minimal indigenous participation in oil and gas projects as this has often been undertaken by the International Oil Companies (IOCs). To address this, the Federal Government awarded marginal fields and oil blocks to independent indigenous oil companies and enacted the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act in 2010. This has been of great benefit to indigenous participation. However, these indigenous companies often encounter a major problem in accessing finance for their projects. This dissertation examines the challenges to financing faced by the independent indigenous oil companies and how project financing will be the best means of financing a project by these companies.

The Ethiopian Oil and Gas sector is presented as one of the pillars of the Growth and transformation plans proposed by the Government of Ethiopia. Although the activities in industry dates back to the 1940s, there has not been any commercialization of Petroleum or Natural Gas to date. This project work aims to assess the project implementation challenges in the Ethiopian Oil and Gas industry. An exploratory research design is employed for the research. The research work followed a qualitative approach by using questionnaire and interview as data collection tools. A total of sixteen participants, twelve from the oil and gas companies and four from the regulatory were selected to participate in the research. The participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The result of the study identified more than 85% of the respondents claimed having both time and cost overrun in their project. More than 90% of the respondents described the project management style of their company as a mix of traditional and agile project management. The research showed subsurface complexity, lack of national technical experts, unavailability of advanced technology for seismic, drilling, well logging, mud logging and other similar operations locally, inability to attract investors, unanticipated change on project scope, and unanticipated project cost existence as the major challenges affecting the implementation of the oil and gas projects in Ethiopia. The research points out the solutions for the challenges in oil and gas project implementation are the government should have a more incentivizing policy in place and should create competent workforce that manages oil and gas projects. It is also suggested more work is required to create a better understanding of how the industry works from the federal to the kebele levels of administration.

The Ethiopian Oil and Gas sector is presented as one of the pillars of the Growth and transformation plans proposed by the Government of Ethiopia. Although the activities in industry dates back to the 1940s, there has not been any commercialization of Petroleum or Natural Gas to date. This project work aims to assess the project implementation challenges in the Ethiopian Oil and Gas industry. An exploratory research design is employed for the research. The research work followed a qualitative approach by using questionnaire and interview as data collection tools. A total of sixteen participants, twelve from the oil and gas companies and four from the regulatory were selected to participate in the research. The participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The result of the study identified more than 85% of the respondents claimed having both time and cost overrun in their project. More than 90% of the respondents described the project management style of their company as a mix of traditional and agile project management. The research showed subsurface complexity, lack of national technical experts, unavailability of advanced technology for seismic, drilling, well logging, mud logging and other similar operations locally, inability to attract investors, unanticipated change on project scope, and unanticipated project cost existence as the major challenges affecting the implementation of the oil and gas projects in Ethiopia. The research points out the solutions for the challenges in oil and gas project implementation are the government should have a more incentivizing policy in place and should create competent workforce that manages oil and gas projects. It is also suggested more work is required to create a better understanding of how the industry works from the federal to the kebele levels of administration.

The Kitimat Liquid Natural Gas project (KMLNG) represents a substantial opportunity for several major players in the BC Natural gas sector and many are excited at the possibilities of the proposed KMLNG and possible economic activity to follow. Recently the companies Apache, EnCana, and EOG resources cleared final government environmental approval to move to the final stage of application to make the KMLNG a reality. The KMLNG will include the construction of a 463 km pipeline project between Summit Lake BC and Kitimat as well involved the construction of the LNG plant itself. The natural gas resource that these companies are extracting comes with many consequences both positive and of management concern for the province. Considerations regarding green-house gas emissions, ecological impacts, water consumption from hydraulic fracturing, and long-term site degradation are all considerations that are not accounted for in financial calculations for the KMLNG. This project will examine the Net Present Value of KMLNG from the social perspective for British Columbia and compare this to the value expected for the companies Apache, EnCana and EOG resources on a go forward basis. This project will examine both the financial aspects of KMLNG for industry and contrast this with the value of KMLNG from the social perspective. This project will contrast the positive economic benefits with the cost of the ongoing gas industry developments in British Columbia. The problem with the current economic condition is that the price of natural gas is low due to excess supply in North America. With Canada's first LNG export project completed, access to energy-hungry Asian markets could change the economic equation dramatically. --P. ii. ; The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b1805493

The Kitimat Liquid Natural Gas project (KMLNG) represents a substantial opportunity for several major players in the BC Natural gas sector and many are excited at the possibilities of the proposed KMLNG and possible economic activity to follow. Recently the companies Apache, EnCana, and EOG resources cleared final government environmental approval to move to the final stage of application to make the KMLNG a reality. The KMLNG will include the construction of a 463 km pipeline project between Summit Lake BC and Kitimat as well involved the construction of the LNG plant itself. The natural gas resource that these companies are extracting comes with many consequences both positive and of management concern for the province. Considerations regarding green-house gas emissions, ecological impacts, water consumption from hydraulic fracturing, and long-term site degradation are all considerations that are not accounted for in financial calculations for the KMLNG. This project will examine the Net Present Value of KMLNG from the social perspective for British Columbia and compare this to the value expected for the companies Apache, EnCana and EOG resources on a go forward basis. This project will examine both the financial aspects of KMLNG for industry and contrast this with the value of KMLNG from the social perspective. This project will contrast the positive economic benefits with the cost of the ongoing gas industry developments in British Columbia. The problem with the current economic condition is that the price of natural gas is low due to excess supply in North America. With Canada's first LNG export project completed, access to energy-hungry Asian markets could change the economic equation dramatically. --P. ii. ; The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b1805493