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AbstractGender differences in networking have been cited as an important reason behind gender earnings and promotion gaps. Despite this fact there is comparatively little evidence on whether such differences exist or what they look like. We conduct a series of experiments to gain insight into these questions. The experiments are designed to understand differences in the strategic use of networks, when both men and women have the same opportunities to network. While we do find evidence of gender earnings and promotion gaps in the lab, we do not find evidence of gender differences in network formation, except for the fact that men display more homophily than women. Women and men do, however, not systematically differ in terms of the number of links formed or received nor in terms of their centrality in the network. Earnings and promotion gaps appear partly because male decision makers are more likely to reward their (predominantly male) network neighbours with increased earnings as well as promotion.

Employee characteristics and attitudes of secondary school teachers were examined to determine if men and women had different reasons for being absent. Although women were found to perceive some work related factors different than men and to take substantially more days off than men, their absence occurrences were not significantly different. In addition, an employees's age and attitude toward pay were the only factors found to exhibit a gender-related impact on absenteeism. Perceived role conflict, and job involvement were found to be significantly related to absenteeism for both men and women.

The gender disparity between poverty level can be linked to the Feminization of poverty. During the postwar WW2 baby boom, teen pregnancy--between two wedded teens-- became normal. Soon after the number of Divorces climbed exponentially but, alimony and child support did not cover the cost of living. Then Abortion was legalized in 1973 cutting teen pregnancy down, but the damage was already done. The "Cycle of poverty" had been kickstarted. By the 1980's 2/3s of households headed by women received welfare, 52% of the women were unwed with children. Now 83% of those in poverty under the age of 18 are female. This is despite the fact 21% of females in high school have a job, while only 19% of males join the workforce. There are a few blaring issues to blame. Teen Pregnancy is used almost interchangeably with teen motherhood. Rejecting the idea of teen fathers. On top of this, states that see the most teen pregnancies-- being southern states-- also see higher rates of poverty. Throughout these states is Abstinence only sex education. States with abstinence only sex education have a higher rate of poverty and teen pregnancy. The solution to this issue is complicated but some of the effects can be negated though comprehensive Sex Education.

An alternative framework to US sex-discrimination law proposes that gender issues be analyzed according to gender disadvantage rather than gender difference. Using examples from court rulings on occupational restrictions, protective labor, & maternity policy, it is suggested that a focus on context & consequence of gender discrimination will reorient issues of gender away from difference toward methods of changing the workplace. 66 References. L. Baker

Puberty is one of the most important life transitions. There is no other period in the life cycle in which there is such significant, rapid, and simultaneous transformation in biology and social and psychological development. Change at puberty is both dramatic and universal, yet there are few researchers who study this important stage in the lifecourse. Indeed the study of the biological and psychosocial changes at puberty is relatively recent. One of the most interesting aspects of puberty is that it marks a significant separation between the genders: physically, psychologically, and socially. This book focuses on the emergence of gender difference and provides an up to date summary of interdisciplinary research in the area with contributions from an international team of leading experts in the field. Topics covered include biological aspects of puberty, body image, aggression, sexual abuse, opposite-sex relationships and the psychopathology of puberty

This paper studies gender differences in strategic situations. In two experimental guessing games - the beauty contest and the 11-20 money request game - we analyze the depth of strategic reasoning of women and men. We use unique data from an internet experiment with more than 1,000 participants. We find that men, on average, perform more steps of reasoning than women. Our results also suggest that women behave more consistently across both games.