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Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction -- PART ONE Asia -- [1] Grassroots Social Action and Empowerment in India THE CASE OF ACTION INDIA WOMEN'S PROGRAM -- [2] Re-inheriting Women in Decolonizing Hong Kong -- [3] Democracy at the Margins NGOs AND WOMEN'S "UNOFFICIAL" POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN SINGAPORE -- PART TWO Africa and the Middle East -- [4] Exchanging Participation for Promises MOBILIZATION OF WOMEN IN ERITREA -- [5] Democratization through Adult Popular Education A REFLECTION ON THE RESILIENCE OF WOMEN FROM KWA-NDEBELE, SOUTH AFRICA -- [6] Self-Identity as a Form of Democratization THE SYRIAN EXPERIENCE -- [7] Women's Grassroots Movements and Democratization in Egypt -- PART THREE Central America -- [8] Women and Grassroots Democracy in El Salvador THE CASE OF COMUNIDAD SEGUNDO MONTES -- [9] Feminist Organizations and Grassroots Democracy in Honduras -- PART FOUR Eastern Europe -- [10] New Roads to Resistance POLISH FEMINISTS IN THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY -- [11] From the Ground Up WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN RUSSIA -- PART FIVE Western Europe, North America, and Australia -- [12] Building Democratic Bridges over Belgian Political Bastions THE WORK OF THE VOK-WOMEN'S CONSULTATION COMMITTEE -- [13] Women's Participation in Grassroots Initiatives in Ireland -- [14] Sexual Assault and the Canadian State PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY STRUGGLES WITHIN A LIBERAL DEMOCRACY -- [15] Empowerment and Disempowerment of Women in Central Appalachia, U.S.A. -- [16] Women in Agriculture ACTION FOR MORE DEMOCRATIC AUSTRALIAN FARM POLITICS -- Conclusion -- ABOUT THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

The studies gathered in this volume focus on Portuguese society, from the creative social and political experimentation by citizen and popular movements during the revolution of 1974/75 to more recent episodes of alternative economic organisation, popular mobilization over the claim of local populations to self-government, local environmental conflicts, transformations in trade-unionism, transnational solidarity movements and citizen participation on territorial planning. They explicitly explore the relationships and tensions between difference and equality, citizenship and difference, state/s

1. Introduction: women prophets and the struggle for human rights -- 2. Suburban blight and situation comedy -- 3. "When it rains, I get mad and scared": women and environmental racism -- 4. Homemaker citizens and new democratic organizations -- 5. Generation X, southern style -- 6. "We sleep on our own graves": women at crossroads -- 7. Surplus people and grassroots women's leadership in the New South Africa -- 8. Conclusion: social movements and democratic practices.

When the city of Los Angeles banned gas-powered leaf blowers in 1996, the law sparked one of the most dynamic grassroots campaigns by Latino immigrants in recent history. Latino immigrant gardeners, working with a small group of Chicana/o activists, organized the Association of Latin American Gardeners of Los Angeles (ALAGLA), which pressured city leaders to reverse the ban. ALAGLA pursued its objectives by engaging in the political process, taking direct action, advocating technological adaptations, and reframing the gardeners and their tools in a positive light. Turning public opinion in their favor, they persuaded city leaders to void the draconian elements of the ordinance, which included a misdemeanor charge, a $1,000 fine, and jail time for gardeners using the blowers. ALAGLA's movement can be compared in some ways to earlier immigrant-organizing efforts by organized labor, notably the United Farm Workers and the Service Employees International Union's Justice for Janitors campaign, but it is also distinguished from them by ALAGLA's nonbureaucratic grassroots structure. The association's campaign for social and economic justice shows the potential for collective action among marginalized immigrant workers and petty entrepreneurs in the informal economy.