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While these facts are generally ignored, nonbinary gender is a theme in fan spaces, and Judith Butler's theory of gender creation mostly excludes the possibility of any genders outside of the binary. When brought together, classic queer studies and fan studies texts offer explanations for both and indicate that nonbinary genders are at the core of fan fiction. Fan fiction communities, although often transphobic, practice bringing into the world genders outside of the binary gender system. Judith Butler's gender theory and classic fan studies research inform one another; when they are brought together, it is clear that fandom is a ground for the creation of genders, which in turn are embodied outside of fandom and are objects of attraction that exist outside of binary-gendered attraction models.

Abstract
Departing from an analysis of alternative views and practices to gender-dominant norms, we focus on the construction of gender difference at a microsocial level. By looking at those who intentionally transgress and distance themselves from gender mainstream conventions and beliefs, we aim to deepen the understanding of the continuities and changes in gender regulation mechanisms and processes. For this, we will carry out a critical analysis of qualitative data from a sub-sample of transgender individuals who do not identify unambivalently with the binary categories of man/woman. Based on the Portuguese data collected within the TRANSRIGHTS Project, we will show how gender norms are being mobilized, transformed and resisted to in micro-interactions. To carry out this analytical exercise, we confront two of the fundamental theoretical currents in the study of gender norms. As we seek to bridge the gap between action and structure, our results provide insight into how gender is being (un)done in the Portuguese context. We identified three main groups that practice gender beyond the binary and their relation to the dominant norms. Given the growing visibility and greater tolerance for 'non-binary' genders in western societies, this study is both relevant and necessary.

Using survey data (n = 1,600) collected in Ürümchi in Xinjiang, China, this paper examines the Han-Uyghur gap in schooling and offers a nuanced account of educational stratification by ethnicity in urban China. Data analysis shows that Han Chinese are more likely than Uyghurs to receive schooling, and the ethnic variation persists when holding main background characteristics constant. However, the differences in schooling between Han and Uyghur men fade away when background characteristics are controlled for, whereas no similar patterns are found among women. Gender roles account for both ethnic parity in schooling between Han and Uyghur men and ethnic inequality in schooling between Han and Uyghur women, which underlies the overall Han-Uyghur gap in educational attainment in Ürümchi. (Pac Aff/GIGA)

This article examines how individuals who identify with genders outside a male/female binary make use of the semiotic material available to them in the environment to interactively construct non-binary gender(s). Through microinteractional analysis of the speech produced by individuals who identify as genderqueer, the article demonstrates how individuals draw on an array of signs to create and perform non-normative genders. The article argues that the implementation of embodied signs can be understood using a model of semiotic agency, which reveals how the signs themselves vary in their durability and manipulability in time and space. The article further exemplifies how these semiotic displays are used to perform gender as non-binary, mutable, and changing in time. The article uncovers how genderqueer individuals both challenge and maintain a binary gender system in their daily interactions. Moreover, the article demonstrates how individuals draw on available semiotic material available in the environment in ways that allow gender to emerge dynamically in interaction and transform over time.