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An overview of the contemporary literature & development of social science approaches to social & human rights is presented. A sociological model of modern society citizenship -- based on identity, civic virtue, resources, & community -- is used as a foundation to analyze T. H. Marshall's (eg, 1981) seminal work on modern citizenship. Critical objections to Marshall's work are discussed: (1) use of an incomplete notion of citizenship & citizenship rights in the 20th century; (2) dependence on Fordist & patriarchal assumptions; (3) assumption that citizenship is evolutionary & cumulative; & (4) use of a one-dimensional view of citizenship. A revised model of citizenship rooted in the ideas of globalization & human rights is presented. 1 Figure, 37 References. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction: talking books / Matthew Rubery -- The three-minute Victorian novel: remediating Dickens into sound / Jason Camlot -- A library on the air: literary dramatization and Orson Welles's mercury theatre / James Jesson -- The audiographic impulse: doing literature with the tape recorder / Jesper Olsson -- Poetry by phone and phonograph: tracing the influence of Giorno poetry systems / Michael S. Hennessey -- Soundtracking the novel: Willy Vlautin's Northline as filmic audiobook / Justin St. Clair -- Novelist as "sound-thief": the audiobooks of John le Carr / Garrett Stewart -- Hearing Hardy, talking Tolstoy: the audiobook narrator's voice and reader experience / Sara Knox -- Talking books, Toni Morrison, and the transformation of narrative authority: two frameworks / K. C. Harrisson -- Obama's voices: performance and politics on The dreams from my father audiobook / Jeffrey Severs -- Bedtime storytelling revisited: Le pere castor and children's audiobooks / Brigitte Ouvry-Vial -- Learning from librivox / Michael Hancher -- A preliminary phenomenology of the audiobook / D. E. Wittkower

Explored are the external & internal dynamics of the Turkish social sciences in general, & the administrative sciences in particular. The development of the Ottoman-Turkish society evinced an induced pattern of change that lacked the internal consistency of an organic one. It usually manifested a strategy of borrowing the end products of another social order. The Ottoman-Turkish intellectuals preoccupied themselves with certain sectors or institutions of the society, & thought that by manipulating those sectors alone one could readily bring about a systemic change. Thus, in the social sciences, a normative approach unsupported by empirical analysis became fashionable. A younger generation well-versed in the latest social science methodology paid inadequate attention to matters of conceptual theory. In the administrative sciences, emphasis has been on a legal approach & classical public administration; the emergence of an indigenous administrative science has been rather slow. Presented is a content analysis of the relevant literature. 3 Tables. AA.