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The theory of human resource development is a theory defined by the Western scholars. Society improves only when a person improves. The country improves only when society improves. Only when nations develop can all the nations of the world become superpowers. Human resources are therefore an essential factor that can be praised for the part of such development. Even if water, land and mineral resources are properly located in a country, there will be no use if there are no proper human resources to use them in a purposeful manner. Therefore, human resources should be cherished and protected as the main wealth of the country. Tamil contemporary literature is seen as a tool to capture today's society. Contemporary literature is a widespread study in all societies. Therefore, the novel 'Sanjaram' and the short stories 'Aram', 'Sootrukkanaku' are take to estimate the sources that correlate to human resource development. The purpose of this study is to explore and explain the theories of human development in these contexts in relation to Tamil literature and to see how scholarly definitions fit into contemporary literature.

Contributed articles presented in a seminar on communist movement magazines in Tamil; organised by International Institute of Tamil Studies in collaboration with New Century Book House and Ṭākṭar Mā. Irācamāṇikkan̲ār Ital̲iyal Āyvumaiyam, Chennai, held during April 10-11, 1999 at IITS, Chennai

Feminism in literature; with special reference to Tirukkuṟaḷ, didactic poetry, by Tiruvaḷḷuvar, Tamil poet

"Ottoman-Southeast Asian Relations: Sources from the Ottoman Archives, is a product of meticulous study of İsmail Hakkı Kadı, A.C.S. Peacock and other contributors on historical documents from the Ottoman archives. The work contains documents in Ottoman-Turkish, Malay, Arabic, French, English, Tausung, Burmese and Thai languages, each introduced by an expert in the language and history of the related country. The work contains documents hitherto unknown to historians as well as others that have been unearthed before but remained confined to the use of limited scholars who had access to the Ottoman archives. The resources published in this study show that the Ottoman Empire was an active actor within the context of Southeast Asian experience with Western colonialism. The fact that the extensive literature on this experience made limited use of Ottoman source materials indicates the crucial importance of this publication for future innovative research in the field. Contributors are: Giancarlo Casale, Annabel Teh Gallop, Rıfat Günalan, Patricia Herbert, Jana Igunma, Midori Kawashima, Abraham Sakili and Michael Talbot"--