Suchergebnisse

This paper reports on two studies in which different adult populations who had not formally studied psychology completed multiple-choice tests derived from general psychology textbooks to evaluate specific knowledge of the discipline. The aim was to determine to what extent psychology was "common sense" and which personal characteristics, such as sex, education, and age, best predicted correct answers. In the first study, 114 students about to start a psychology degree, and 222 nonstudent adults, completed a 106-item questionnaire taken from a standard textbook. There was considerable variability in the extent to which participants checked the correct answer, with an overall average of only 56% (just above chance). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in knowledge overall or in any particular areas. A regression showed books read and belief in the scientific nature of psychology to be the best predictors of overall knowledge. In the second study, 94 first-year students at the beginning of their course and 136 student applicants completed a 114-item questionnaire derived from a different textbook, this time focusing on child development. There was no difference in the correct responses between a psychology-student and nonstudent group, with both groups getting around 53% of the answers correct. Interest in, and experience of, psychology did not predict total correct scores. Like previous studies in the area, the results failed to indicate any major variables that predict knowledge of psychological processes.

In the article are offered the models allowing deeper understand the essence of the concepts "will" and "attention", and to determine their possible types, which allows us to clear up the essence of the concept "faith". Proceeding from the principle of symmetry of the Laws of Nature and of some general physical representations, a heuristic glance at the fundamentals of General Psychology is proposed, which allows us to discern interrelations between the basic concepts of General Psychology, and thereby systematizing them. In doing so the author does not attempt to reduce complex psychical processes to mechanical schemes, and at all not concerned these processes, but the real unity of the foundation of science as a whole concerning to the General Psychology is trying to show.

Front Cover -- Survival: Black/White -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- PART I: HOW IT HAS BEEN -- Chapter 1. Beyond Guilt -- Chapter 2. Reality-Black and White -- Chapter 3. Child-rearing Practices -- Chapter 4. Adolescence and Adulthood -- Chapter 5. Intelligence -- Chapter 6. Education -- Chapter 7. Health-Physical and Mental -- Chapter 8. Identification, Identity, Self-concept, and Role -- Chapter 9. Recapitulation -- PART II: HOW IT IS -- Chapter 10. The Awakening -- Chapter 11. The New Order -- Chapter 12. The New Order (continued)

Interpersonal Communication focuses on the basic processes of interpersonal communication, emphasizing the importance of reciprocal influence processes in face-to-face interaction. The topics discussed in this book include the manipulation of interpersonal communication; dual aspect of human communication; dimensions of social interaction; nonverbal communication; and social interaction in subhuman primates. The psychotherapy as interpersonal communication; study of disturbed communication in families; and development of interpersonal communication in children are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the cultural differences in interpersonal communication and study of interpersonal processes. This publication is intended for social psychologists, but is also a good reference for those working in related disciplines that require a social psychological treatment of the subject.

Mental Health Issues and the Urban Poor is a collection of papers presented at the Third Annual Symposium on Current Issues in Community-Clinical Psychology: Mental Health Issues and the Urban Poor, held at the University of Maryland, in March 1973. This book presents the relevance of mental health theory and technology to problems in coping faced by the urban poor. Comprised of five parts, the book first highlights the trends and issues concerning mental health and poverty. It then discusses existing perspectives on values, theory, and research and illustrates models for mental health action