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By turning private homes and community spaces into sites where biological experimentation can be carried out, do-it-yourself biology promises a democratization of science. This democratization is based upon material processes: efforts to increase the affordability, the accessibility and the mutability of scientific equipment can be observed. In particular, do-it-yourself biology relies on 'creative workarounds' around objects (to transform and combine them in novel ways) and around institutions (to circumvent established university-industry business linkages). By tinkering with objects and by sharing knowledge via various communicative devices - websites, blogs, wikis, forums, videos - do-ityourself biologists aim to create a new, collective and open economy of scientific equipment and render biology more accessible to citizens. A distinct form of individuality is constituted by providing people access, transforming them into active makers of science, making their bodies/aliments more knowable and demonstrating that one can do it oneself. Do-it-yourself biology thus offers a site for exploring the ethics, the boundaries and new forms of sociability for biology. Key words:

By turning private homes and community spaces into sites where biological experimentation can be carried out, do-it-yourself biology promises a democratization of science. This democratization is based upon material processes: efforts to increase the affordability, the accessibility and the mutability of scientific equipment can be observed. In particular, do-it-yourself biology relies on 'creative workarounds' around objects (to transform and combine them in novel ways) and around institutions (to circumvent established university-industry business linkages). By tinkering with objects and by sharing knowledge via various communicative devices - websites, blogs, wikis, forums, videos - do-ityourself biologists aim to create a new, collective and open economy of scientific equipment and render biology more accessible to citizens. A distinct form of individuality is constituted by providing people access, transforming them into active makers of science, making their bodies/aliments more knowable and demonstrating that one can do it oneself. Do-it-yourself biology thus offers a site for exploring the ethics, the boundaries and new forms of sociability for biology. Key words:

In the present paper I propose first to discuss the place of geography among the sciences, and then to show how modern geographical technique can be applied with fruitful results in the fields of history, economics, anthropology, sociology, and linguistics.At the University of Chicago, one of the three leading research institutions in America, the four general divisions of undergraduate study are the social, physical, and biological sciences and the humanities. It was found desirable to give geography a place in the first two divisions, thus emphasizing its liaison character. Indeed the relations between geographical research and such subjects as history and biology are so close that the writer feels that geography might well have been given representation on the boards of all four divisions!

Demographic potential is a necessary condition of any human activity. Its dynamics (migrations) releases resources of social activity. Therefore population (human) geography is connected with various geographical disciplines such as settlement geography, social geography, political geography, regional geography, geography of culture, historical geography, ecology and others. It is an implicational discipline - the base for other geographical disciplines and such sciences as psychology, sociology, medicine, economy and town-planning. It is also an applicational discipline, which means that it has a universal character. It serves the science but also the policy. It is a tool of multisemantic features and high political usefulness. The knowledge of population structures and processes makes it possible firstly to distinguish: 1) social-economic character of the region; 2) regional economic differentiation of the state (continent, world); 3) level of urbanisation and its stages and secondly it is: 4) the tool of social policy - it balances job market; 5) the tool of economic strategy - efficiency of human activity; 6) prognostic category in many spheres: demographic, sociological, economic.