Suchergebnisse

Examines reform to decentralized governments in GB & in Eastern/Central Europe -- different types of economic & political systems at different levels of development -- with the observation that the political model has greater power than the managerial reform model to capture pertinent issues regarding central & local government relations. In GB, New Public Management (NPM) has impacted decentralized levels of local & regional government, & has sometimes been seen as a weapon against local government power, function, & jurisdiction, in direction opposition to the decentralizing principle of NPM theory. In Eastern Europe, managerial reform is subordinated to the current issues of constitutional reform, postcommunist development of regional & local government authority, & the development of structures of political leadership. Communist officials who have retained power exert bureaucratic & political resistance to managerial reform. Since NPM reforms must be adapted to the political context of its operation, external aid donors would accomplish more by supporting probity & accountability before promoting market-oriented management reform. 43 References. L. A. Hoffman

Compares national identity in contemporary France & Germany, both increasingly heterogeneous societies that experienced a decrease in collective pride following WWII. Postwar social & political factors that challenged the collective consciousness are identified, & their impacts on the public's nationalist feelings are explored. It is argued that national identity is based on different (& internally contradictory) phenomena in France & Germany, but both have (1) adopted selective views of their national history, (2) had their self-images threatened by mass migration, the growth of neoliberalism, & the transnational diffusion of economic processes, patterns of social relations, & political values; (3) had problems distinguishing between functional & ethnic/organic definitions of national identity. Future developments that will likely threaten national identity are also identified, including globalization, the development of a supranational Europe, & Third World immigration. K. Hyatt Stewart

Ziel des Beitrags ist die Kombination von Konzepten der Sozialtheorie und Sozialpolitik mit Ergebnissen und Analysen aus der Kindheitsforschung. Im besonderen geht es darum, angesichts fehlendender Klarheit über soziale Entwicklungsprozesse die Beziehung zwischen Individualisierung und Institutionalisierung zu bestimmen. Die Hypothesen von U. Beck und H. Lefebvre bezüglich dieses Zusammenhanges verdeutlichen, dass der Prozess der Individualisierung aus der Perspektive der Kontrolltheorie eingebettet ist in einen Prozess der Institutionalisierung und Standardisierung. Auf diesem Hintergrund werden die intrafamilialen Individualisierungsprozess in ihren Wirkungen auf die Qualität der sozialen Beziehungen von Kindern untersucht und es wird festgehalten, dass die Auflösung traditioneller Sozialisationsmuster zwangsläufig zu verstärkten sozialpolitischen und pädagogischen Maßnahmen führen muss, um die junge Generation in ihrem Bemühen um Subjektivität und Selbstbestimmung zu unterstützen. (ICH).