The situation on the labour market in East Germany is difficult since the beginning of economic transition in the early 90's. The reasons for such a situation are complex. The implementation of single currency, the collapse of East Germany's foreign trade, the privatization method & high wages should be mentioned above all. The macroeconomic reasons for the persistently high unemployment rate are supported by microeconomic reasons, too. The unification of Germany was not perceived as a unique chance to reform the outdated German labour market. Active labour market policy measures known from the old Federal Republic of Germany were not as effective as expected. Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.
A review essay on a book edited by Helmut Kramer, Demokratie und Kritik -- 40 Jahre Politikwissenschaft in Osterreich ([Democracy and Critique -- 40 Years of Political Science in Austria] Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang, 2004).
Obálka -- Obsah -- Seznam zkratek -- Úvod Jaderná energie: (dnes nechtěná) technologie budoucnosti? -- 1. Jaderná energie jako klíčové německé politikum -- 1.1 Jaderná politika CDU/CSU od 70. let do Fukušimy -- 1.2 Strana Zelených a jaderná energie od vzniku strany po vstup do vlády -- 1.3 První odklon od jaderné energie: realizace -- 1.4 Revize prvního odklonu od jaderné energie a odklon druhý -- 2. Širší souvislosti německého odstoupení a jeho dopady -- 2.1 Současný stav a výhledy německé energetiky -- 2.2 Právní spory energetických koncernů po změnách v jaderné energetice SRN
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There is no historical precedent for the institutional set-up of the eurozone. However, it is an arrangement that could not and cannot escape the universal laws and principles of economics. This paper tries to look generally at the consequences of this integration project from the perspective of the former monetary hegemon, Germany, whose hegemony largely ended as a result of the monetary integration method chosen. Those consequences are of course more apparent in bad times than they were in good times. We then specifically examine the problem of convergence and divergence within a currency area and discuss the issue of competitive devaluation. In the conclusion we try to formulate the fundamental dilemma faced by the former monetary hegemon. Its solution will affect those inside and outside the integration project. Adapted from the source document.