Suchergebnisse

Using the German minority in Sudetenland and Klaipėda region, Germany implemented its propaganda and native Germans were relocated to their homeland.

The article deals with the Lithuanian Army Headquarters' defence plans for Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory) and Klaipėda City against Germany of the 1930s, providing options of implementation in the event of a military conflict between Lithuania and Germany. The article also provides the data on the Lithuanian armed forces at disposal in 1939, the size of the forces deployed in Klaipėda Region and on its borders, the Army Headquarters plans to use the said military forces, and the potential scenarios of the events. In terms of the military doctrine, an overview of the condition and its potential significance for the sea frontier defence of the Lithuanian Navy is given.

The article deals with the Lithuanian Army Headquarters' defence plans for Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory) and Klaipėda City against Germany of the 1930s, providing options of implementation in the event of a military conflict between Lithuania and Germany. The article also provides the data on the Lithuanian armed forces at disposal in 1939, the size of the forces deployed in Klaipėda Region and on its borders, the Army Headquarters plans to use the said military forces, and the potential scenarios of the events. In terms of the military doctrine, an overview of the condition and its potential significance for the sea frontier defence of the Lithuanian Navy is given.

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania defined freedom of expression as the right to disseminate not only positive, but also shocking and disturbing thoughts or ideas. Nevertheless, Lithuania supplemented the Criminal Code with the Article 170-2 and banned the public endorsement for international crimes, the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany crimes against the Republic of Lithuania or its residents, their denial or gross trivialization. While the world is increasingly protecting human rights, in Lithuania for a number of speeches there's a threat of imprisonment. Therefore, this thesis analyzes whether such regulation set in Lithuania is without prejudice to the freedom of expression of individuals to express their beliefs, thoughts or ideas. Research focus – the regulation of the denial of crime, endorsement or gross trivialization in the context of freedom of expression indicated at the disposal of Article 170-2 of the Criminal Code. The aim of this thesis - to determine whether, based on scientific work, the European Court of Human Rights and foreign regulation, public endorsement, denial or gross trivialization of international crimes, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany crimes against the Republic of Lithuania or its residents is without prejudice to the freedom of expression under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. Keywords: freedom of expression, incitement to hatred and violence, denial, endorsement, trivialization, international crimes, Soviet regime crimes, Nazi Germany crimes. The analysis of scientific literature, legislation, case law, provides that freedom of expression is not absolute but could be restricted by the law in order to protect persons health, morals, honor, dignity, public order, constitutional order or to protect persons from criminal acts - hate, violence and incitement to discrimination. These restrictions must be proportionate to legitimate aim. Denial, endorsement or gross trivialization of international crimes against humanity – genocide, war crimes or aggression – are considered hate crimes that are forbidden in European countries. In the USA denial, endorsement or gross trivialization of genocide, war crimes or aggression are protected by First Amendment to the United States Constitution and in contrast to Europe there is no risk of criminal liability for such actions. It is claimed that Lithuania supplemented the Criminal Code with the Article 170-2 and limits the freedom of expression but it is made by law in order to protect persons health, morals, honor and dignity because incitement of hatred and violence is incompatible with democratic values and it is a proportionate measure to deal with racist and xenophobic crimes, inciting hatred and violence.

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania defined freedom of expression as the right to disseminate not only positive, but also shocking and disturbing thoughts or ideas. Nevertheless, Lithuania supplemented the Criminal Code with the Article 170-2 and banned the public endorsement for international crimes, the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany crimes against the Republic of Lithuania or its residents, their denial or gross trivialization. While the world is increasingly protecting human rights, in Lithuania for a number of speeches there's a threat of imprisonment. Therefore, this thesis analyzes whether such regulation set in Lithuania is without prejudice to the freedom of expression of individuals to express their beliefs, thoughts or ideas. Research focus – the regulation of the denial of crime, endorsement or gross trivialization in the context of freedom of expression indicated at the disposal of Article 170-2 of the Criminal Code. The aim of this thesis - to determine whether, based on scientific work, the European Court of Human Rights and foreign regulation, public endorsement, denial or gross trivialization of international crimes, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany crimes against the Republic of Lithuania or its residents is without prejudice to the freedom of expression under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. Keywords: freedom of expression, incitement to hatred and violence, denial, endorsement, trivialization, international crimes, Soviet regime crimes, Nazi Germany crimes. The analysis of scientific literature, legislation, case law, provides that freedom of expression is not absolute but could be restricted by the law in order to protect persons health, morals, honor, dignity, public order, constitutional order or to protect persons from criminal acts - hate, violence and incitement to discrimination. These restrictions must be proportionate to legitimate aim. Denial, endorsement or gross trivialization of international crimes against humanity – genocide, war crimes or aggression – are considered hate crimes that are forbidden in European countries. In the USA denial, endorsement or gross trivialization of genocide, war crimes or aggression are protected by First Amendment to the United States Constitution and in contrast to Europe there is no risk of criminal liability for such actions. It is claimed that Lithuania supplemented the Criminal Code with the Article 170-2 and limits the freedom of expression but it is made by law in order to protect persons health, morals, honor and dignity because incitement of hatred and violence is incompatible with democratic values and it is a proportionate measure to deal with racist and xenophobic crimes, inciting hatred and violence.

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania defined freedom of expression as the right to disseminate not only positive, but also shocking and disturbing thoughts or ideas. Nevertheless, Lithuania supplemented the Criminal Code with the Article 170-2 and banned the public endorsement for international crimes, the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany crimes against the Republic of Lithuania or its residents, their denial or gross trivialization. While the world is increasingly protecting human rights, in Lithuania for a number of speeches there's a threat of imprisonment. Therefore, this thesis analyzes whether such regulation set in Lithuania is without prejudice to the freedom of expression of individuals to express their beliefs, thoughts or ideas. Research focus – the regulation of the denial of crime, endorsement or gross trivialization in the context of freedom of expression indicated at the disposal of Article 170-2 of the Criminal Code. The aim of this thesis - to determine whether, based on scientific work, the European Court of Human Rights and foreign regulation, public endorsement, denial or gross trivialization of international crimes, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany crimes against the Republic of Lithuania or its residents is without prejudice to the freedom of expression under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. Keywords: freedom of expression, incitement to hatred and violence, denial, endorsement, trivialization, international crimes, Soviet regime crimes, Nazi Germany crimes. The analysis of scientific literature, legislation, case law, provides that freedom of expression is not absolute but could be restricted by the law in order to protect persons health, morals, honor, dignity, public order, constitutional order or to protect persons from criminal acts - hate, violence and incitement to discrimination. These restrictions must be proportionate to legitimate aim. Denial, endorsement or gross trivialization of international crimes against humanity – genocide, war crimes or aggression – are considered hate crimes that are forbidden in European countries. In the USA denial, endorsement or gross trivialization of genocide, war crimes or aggression are protected by First Amendment to the United States Constitution and in contrast to Europe there is no risk of criminal liability for such actions. It is claimed that Lithuania supplemented the Criminal Code with the Article 170-2 and limits the freedom of expression but it is made by law in order to protect persons health, morals, honor and dignity because incitement of hatred and violence is incompatible with democratic values and it is a proportionate measure to deal with racist and xenophobic crimes, inciting hatred and violence.

The author conducted extensive comparative-legal research of shareholders' agreements in common and continental law jurisdictions. The author analyses the main approaches to the regulation of legal nature, restrictions, execution, classification, and disclosure of shareholders' agreements.The study was based on the doctrine, legislation, and case law of such jurisdictions as the UK, the USA, Germany, France, Lithuania, and Ukraine.

The author conducted extensive comparative-legal research of shareholders' agreements in common and continental law jurisdictions. The author analyses the main approaches to the regulation of legal nature, restrictions, execution, classification, and disclosure of shareholders' agreements.The study was based on the doctrine, legislation, and case law of such jurisdictions as the UK, the USA, Germany, France, Lithuania, and Ukraine.

Teacher Mikas Petrauskas (1908?) was the last author having published his books of problems in arithmetic for I-III forms of primary school in Independent Lithuania before the World War Two. As books of problems by other authors of the said period, the books of problems by M. Petrauskas distinguished themselves for expressed integration of arithmetic teaching with the real life of the pupils. The books of problems were used in Lithuania during the World War Two and at schools for children of war refugees in the post-war period at West Germany. M. Petrauskas was the only author that dared to publish reviewed books of problems in post-war Soviet Lithuania. However, the said review was not natural and integration with the real life was engaged considerably in the political aspect. The attempts were ineffective: within 5 years, books of problems by M. Petrauskas were displaced from Lithuanian schools by the ones approved in Moscow and translated from Russian. Keywords: books of problems in arithmetic, primary school, Independent Lithuania before the World War Two and Soviet Lithuania, war refugees from Lithuania in the post-war period, West Germany.

Teacher Mikas Petrauskas (1908?) was the last author having published his books of problems in arithmetic for I-III forms of primary school in Independent Lithuania before the World War Two. As books of problems by other authors of the said period, the books of problems by M. Petrauskas distinguished themselves for expressed integration of arithmetic teaching with the real life of the pupils. The books of problems were used in Lithuania during the World War Two and at schools for children of war refugees in the post-war period at West Germany. M. Petrauskas was the only author that dared to publish reviewed books of problems in post-war Soviet Lithuania. However, the said review was not natural and integration with the real life was engaged considerably in the political aspect. The attempts were ineffective: within 5 years, books of problems by M. Petrauskas were displaced from Lithuanian schools by the ones approved in Moscow and translated from Russian. Keywords: books of problems in arithmetic, primary school, Independent Lithuania before the World War Two and Soviet Lithuania, war refugees from Lithuania in the post-war period, West Germany.

Teacher Mikas Petrauskas (1908?) was the last author having published his books of problems in arithmetic for I-III forms of primary school in Independent Lithuania before the World War Two. As books of problems by other authors of the said period, the books of problems by M. Petrauskas distinguished themselves for expressed integration of arithmetic teaching with the real life of the pupils. The books of problems were used in Lithuania during the World War Two and at schools for children of war refugees in the post-war period at West Germany. M. Petrauskas was the only author that dared to publish reviewed books of problems in post-war Soviet Lithuania. However, the said review was not natural and integration with the real life was engaged considerably in the political aspect. The attempts were ineffective: within 5 years, books of problems by M. Petrauskas were displaced from Lithuanian schools by the ones approved in Moscow and translated from Russian. Keywords: books of problems in arithmetic, primary school, Independent Lithuania before the World War Two and Soviet Lithuania, war refugees from Lithuania in the post-war period, West Germany.

Teacher Mikas Petrauskas (1908?) was the last author having published his books of problems in arithmetic for I-III forms of primary school in Independent Lithuania before the World War Two. As books of problems by other authors of the said period, the books of problems by M. Petrauskas distinguished themselves for expressed integration of arithmetic teaching with the real life of the pupils. The books of problems were used in Lithuania during the World War Two and at schools for children of war refugees in the post-war period at West Germany. M. Petrauskas was the only author that dared to publish reviewed books of problems in post-war Soviet Lithuania. However, the said review was not natural and integration with the real life was engaged considerably in the political aspect. The attempts were ineffective: within 5 years, books of problems by M. Petrauskas were displaced from Lithuanian schools by the ones approved in Moscow and translated from Russian. Keywords: books of problems in arithmetic, primary school, Independent Lithuania before the World War Two and Soviet Lithuania, war refugees from Lithuania in the post-war period, West Germany.

The reason for this article was the fact that no adequate international archival research was carried out before and no profound studies of the political and juridical aspects of the "Lituanica" crash (and its complicated extended aftermaths) were ever published in Lithuania or abroad. This study is considered to be the basis for the further and broader on-going research in Germany and the USA.

The reason for this article was the fact that no adequate international archival research was carried out before and no profound studies of the political and juridical aspects of the "Lituanica" crash (and its complicated extended aftermaths) were ever published in Lithuania or abroad. This study is considered to be the basis for the further and broader on-going research in Germany and the USA.

The reason for this article was the fact that no adequate international archival research was carried out before and no profound studies of the political and juridical aspects of the "Lituanica" crash (and its complicated extended aftermaths) were ever published in Lithuania or abroad. This study is considered to be the basis for the further and broader on-going research in Germany and the USA.