Suchergebnisse

The first Nigerian Population Policy was written in 1988 to reduce population growth as a collaboration between the Federal Ministry of Health and the World Bank. Whether this policy was successful is in contention. Some schools of thought argue that it was unsuccessful due to cultural, religious and financial factors in play. However, a positive demographic change was noticed statistically after the policy was implemented. Achievement of policy goals was limited due to flaws in the implementation strategy adopted for the National Population Program as well as due to a cultural aversion to family planning in Northern Nigeria, among other factors. The success of the policy was greatest in Southern Nigeria where social advancement also played an integral role. This paper shows that the attitudes towards population growth differ between these two very important regions of one country. This paper also addresses, in great detail, the obstacles to the implementation of the 1988 policy, and analyzes why the policy was successful in a part of the country, but not in another. With a new Population Policy having been implemented in 2006, identifying the problems of the 1988 program implementation has limited value unless the learned lessons result in a greater determination by the upper echelons of government, the bureaucracy and the political class in the nation to reprogram efforts for the future. While the Federal Government has recently instituted reform agenda that cover economic, social and administrative reforms, the population sector, together with the political governance that will address the role of population size in allocation of resources and power, needs to be included in the reform agenda.

TV in Lithuania emerged fifty years ago, in 1957. This anniversary became a good pretext to analyse how the state, after the recovery of independence, intercepted and created independent National TV channel. The object of research "The reflections of Lithuanian political changes in National TV channel: 1988-2003" has never been analysed, while in this fifteen years period of the most important changes were going on in Lithuania. The aim of analysis is – to search out how the political changes reflected National TV channel. The importance of TV already recognized the leaders of Supreme Council, which recreated the independence of Lithuania in 11th of May 1990. After few days Council started the reorganization of National Radio and TV committee. Got to use to soviet conception, when National TV was official broadcaster, politicians passed the law, which gave them the freedom in using broadcast of National radio and TV. Keeping in mind, that the head on National Radio ant TV station is the most important person choosing the aspects of ideology, politics and strategy, verified together with a changes of general directors of National broadcaster. According to view of these leaders to political situation, society and her demands, the direction of National Radio and TV has developed. Using the analysis of law, press and with a help on interviews with the ex-directors of National Radio and TV channel, in this research was investigated the transformation of National Radio and TV committee into independent state broadcaster. Also there were analysed the circumstances, why the channel was into deep debts and why it was so criticised by politicians. The parliament was not able to introduce the tax, which is necessary for national broadcaster for survive, - the subscriber TV pay. The politicians were afraid, that they would loose the support of society. For Lithuania, taking of the bounds of soviet regime, the Nation LV performed one of the most important roles in creating civil, democratic society. On the other hand, because of the big pressure of politicians, it became the instrument and platform of government. That's why in these latter fifteen years; the National Radio and TV station has changed seven general directors. Everyone stressed that leaved this post because of pressure of politicians. This research shows, how political changes in Lithuania, especially the pressure of politicians, reflected the development of National TV.

TV in Lithuania emerged fifty years ago, in 1957. This anniversary became a good pretext to analyse how the state, after the recovery of independence, intercepted and created independent National TV channel. The object of research "The reflections of Lithuanian political changes in National TV channel: 1988-2003" has never been analysed, while in this fifteen years period of the most important changes were going on in Lithuania. The aim of analysis is – to search out how the political changes reflected National TV channel. The importance of TV already recognized the leaders of Supreme Council, which recreated the independence of Lithuania in 11th of May 1990. After few days Council started the reorganization of National Radio and TV committee. Got to use to soviet conception, when National TV was official broadcaster, politicians passed the law, which gave them the freedom in using broadcast of National radio and TV. Keeping in mind, that the head on National Radio ant TV station is the most important person choosing the aspects of ideology, politics and strategy, verified together with a changes of general directors of National broadcaster. According to view of these leaders to political situation, society and her demands, the direction of National Radio and TV has developed. Using the analysis of law, press and with a help on interviews with the ex-directors of National Radio and TV channel, in this research was investigated the transformation of National Radio and TV committee into independent state broadcaster. Also there were analysed the circumstances, why the channel was into deep debts and why it was so criticised by politicians. The parliament was not able to introduce the tax, which is necessary for national broadcaster for survive, - the subscriber TV pay. The politicians were afraid, that they would loose the support of society. For Lithuania, taking of the bounds of soviet regime, the Nation LV performed one of the most important roles in creating civil, democratic society. On the other hand, because of the big pressure of politicians, it became the instrument and platform of government. That's why in these latter fifteen years; the National Radio and TV station has changed seven general directors. Everyone stressed that leaved this post because of pressure of politicians. This research shows, how political changes in Lithuania, especially the pressure of politicians, reflected the development of National TV.