Suchergebnisse

Applied to Cambodia, the notion of the prebendary state refers to the capacity of political elites to organize the internal market on the basis of concessions reserved for those in their immediate circle and contracts signed with foreign investors entailing the exchange of financial gifts for legal deregulation and the privatization of violence. In the domain of industrial policy, this authoritarian form of patrimonial domination is embodied by special economic zones. These zones underscore the agreements reached between public actors and private investors, the Tayloristic organization of labor within firms and the absence of professional relations. As a result, these zones are very weakly linked to regional development flows in the Mekong Basin, suggesting that the Cambodian case be seen as a degraded instance of 'developmentalism'. Adapted from the source document.

What is the Countergif t for Giving Blood ?
In France, blood transfusions rely on volontary blood donations. Periodically, newspapers and Public Health leaders voice worries about the renewal of volunteers. The scandal of contaminated blood has only increased these fears. They are based on prenotions about the individualism of young people and the selfishness of contemporary behavior. Contrary to this opinion, a survey of volunteers shows that the gift of blood is not an individual experience with psychological motives but a sociological fact. Giving one's blood is a social obligation. The counterpart of the gift lies in the strengthening of social ties inside the volunteer's group : family, parish, graduate school, factory.

The Postman's Calendar. The Social Meanings of an Ordinary Exchange. The author takes a look at this familiar yet relatively unexamined form of exchange, showing that it can take on a variety of social meanings. Asa, tradition in keeping with an anonymous administrative or: gift/counter-gift relationship, it enables the construction of "postmen'' as a group, by relativising the hierarchy of post office positions and promoting the image of their work as centred on "human contact, thereby overshadowing : the working-class dimension of the job. When viewed as a succession of class interactions in which the amount of money that is given carries with it a social judgement, the exchange ; of calendars ultimately offers postmen a particular experience of society.

Healer ethnography - Methods and reflections
After a review of the characteristics and objectives of social anthropology, André Julliard defines the social anthropology of illness applied here to healers and to their gift as a global analysis of illness and explains its meaning in this kind of therapy which answers the question : why am I ill ? Illness, and at the origin there is always a human error, is then considered as an elementary form of the event.
Then the author touches on the question of the transmission of the gift placed between belief and social reality. The relation between the healer and his prayer is not an esoteric one. It is not an initiation 'rite either. The point is, fundamentally, to be on neighbourly terms with the others in the village.

moreover, the variables have to be synthetized in order to consider " happiness " : this leads to " practical justice ", the least unhappiness of the least happy. Personal liberty alone, in a temporal perspective, leads to liberalism and ils legitimate rights. The compromises between the two can be minimum income liberalism, or practical justice with inviolable basic liberties. Their reconciliation can be helped by the distribution of natural (non human) resources and heritages which are not gifts, and conceptually, by certain Social Compact ethics or fictive assurances against original situations, as well as définitions of equality relying on means and resources more than on ends. But real and sufficient reconciliation must take into account " fraternal " and altruist feelings, which are, for various reasons, much more possible and present than usually believed. One such reason is the existence of the " collective gift ", where each giver, giving only on condition that others do likewise, must appear to act under constraint.

Market Transactions, Ritual Exchange, Personal Relationships. Economie Ethnography after the Great Divide What . tools are available to the ethnographer to describe transactions? To answer this question, the author draws upon the1 results of anthropology, rid of any forms of the Great Divide between the West and the rest of the world. She uses a ethnographic examples to formulate four analytical; propositions: 1. differentiating between the nature of the relationships and the nature of the goods exchanged, it is possible to analyse the uses of money in personal relationships. 2. By distinguishing ; the types of transaction according to the gap between transfer of goods and its counterpart, it is possible to clarify the opposition between transactions without any gap (immediate reciprocity), transactions with an infinite gap (pure gift or simple transfer) and transactions : with a temporal , gap (Maussian gift or delayed reciprocity). 3.: By giving access to indigenous interpretations, ethnography allows us to analyse misunderstandings or conflicts of interpretation at the core of transactions. 4. The distinction between market transactions and i personal relationships may be considered a result of mental operations of These operations are carried out not only by observers, but also by the partners in the transaction. In every instance, the ethnographer observes the ritual forms of exchange, which influence both: indigenous" and^ scientific interpretations.

Anatolii Levitin-Krasnov, The popular saints in Russia. Father Ioann Kronshtadtskii.
It is the saints that constitute the strength of a Church. In the eighteenth century, Petersburg had known the blessed Kseniia. The article speaks of another popular saint of Petersburg, Father Ioann Kronshtadtskii (1829-1908). He left two texts: My life in Christ and Extracts of my diary. His vast renown, his pastoral action, his gifts as a healer, the attacks directed against him indicate the important place he occupies in popular piety during the second half of the nineteenth century and until now.