Suchergebnisse

1. Afganistan: nachalo istorii territorii i gosudarstva -- 2. Afganistan i Bolʹshai︠a︡ igra -- 3. Problemy modernizat︠s︡ii tradit︠s︡ionnykh obshchestv -- 4. Afganistan: ot Khabibuly-khana do Nadir-shakha -- 5. Afganistan: ot Amanully khana do Nadir-shaha -- 6. Afganistan: ot Zakhir shakha do Dauda -- 7. Afganistan: vneshni︠a︡i︠a︡ politika i raspad Britanskoĭ Imperii -- 8. Afganistan: desi︠a︡tʹ let Dauda -- 9. Afganistan: "Novai︠a︡ demokratii︠a︡" (1963-1973) -- 10. Nachalo potri︠a︡seniĭ -- 11. Sovetskoe vtorzhenie: ot Karmali︠a︡ do Nadzhibully -- 12. Padenie Nadzhibully: krizis gosudarstvennykh institutov -- 13. Afganistan: ot padenii︠a︡ Nadzhibully do dvizhenii︠a︡ "Taliban" -- 14. Raspad Sovetskogo Soi︠u︡za dli︠a︡ Afganistana i T︠s︡entralʹnoĭ Azii -- 15. Dvizhenie "Taliban": ot Kandagara do Gerata (1994-1996) -- 16. Dvizhenie "Taliban": ot Kabula do Mazari-Sharifa (1996-1997) --17. Afganistan: ot Mazari-Sharifa do 11 senti︠a︡bri︠a︡ 2001 goda -- 18. Afganistan do i posle 11 senti︠a︡bri︠a︡ 2001 goda -- 19. Afganistan: gosudarstvennoe stroitelʹstvo (2001-2008) -- 20. Afganistan: ot vneshnego upravlenii︠a︡ k gosudarstvennoĭ samostoi︠a︡telʹnosti? (2009-2015)

Despite initial concerns of catastrophic outcomes, the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdown measures did not severely affect regional agriculture in Central Asia and the Caucasus. They did, however, affect food supply chains in terms of demand and logistics. Food prices were volatile throughout 2020 and particularly high in countries with currency depreciation. However, the on-going COVID-19 pandemic as a human and health crisis presents an ever increasing risk to the economies of Central Asia and the Caucasus. The global implications of the pandemic, combined with a decline in oil and gas exports and migrant remittances, could impede recovery and undermine economic stability in the region. Policymakers should avoid disrupting domestic food supply chains and placing barriers to trade through export bans and quotas. At the same time, they must ensure food security and reduced price volatility through diversified trade networks. Deeper domestic value chains and efficient management of public and private food stock reserves will better prepare countries to face the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Better-informed and targeted policy responses to a pandemic require improved national systems of nutrition research and monitoring, and timely availability of data not only relating to production but also to other levels of the agrifood chain.