Suchergebnisse

The 2017 edition of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean consists of three parts. Part I outlines the region's economic performance in 2016 and analyses trends in the early months of 2017, as well as the outlook for the rest of the year. It examines the external and domestic factors that have influenced the region's economic performance and draws attention to some of the macroeconomic policy challenges of the prevailing external conditions, with a modest uptick in global economic growth and trade amid persistent uncertainty, especially in relation to political factors. The thematic section of this edition analyses the characteristics of the current economic cycle in the region (2009-2016) and contrasts it with the two preceding cycles (1990-2001 and 2002-2008). It also identifies and attempts to explain some of the determinants of the cycle and outlines possible strategies for regaining growth. Part III of this publication may be accessed on the website of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (www.cepal.org/en). It contains the notes relating to the economic performance of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean in 2016 and the first half of 2017, together with their respective statistical annexes. The cut-off date for updating the statistical information in this publication was 30 June 2017.

Surgery has become an integral part of global health care, with an estimated 234 million operations performed yearly. The World Bank in 2002 reported that an estimated 164 million disability-adjusted life years, representing 11% of the entire disease burden, were attributable to surgically treatable conditions. To study the prevalence of various surgical operations undergone by individuals in their life time, in an urbanized community of Delhi. Cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2008 to April 2009 in Vivek Vihar—an urban affluent colony in Delhi. A total of 3,043 individuals residing in 622 households were interviewed as part of the study. Total number of households with some member having ever undergone surgery was 306 (49.2%). 12.3% of our study population (375 out of 3,043) had undergone one or the other form of major surgical operation in their life time. Caesarean section was found to be the most common surgical procedure performed. 61.7% surgeries were elective in nature and 81.9% were performed in a private hospital. The lifetime prevalence of surgical procedures was 1.77% among children, 12.6% among adult males and 15.8% among adult females (p < 0.001). It was observed that the expense of surgeries conducted in private hospitals was more compared to government. Our findings suggest that surgery occurs at a substantial rate, at least among the urban affluent, with most of the patients choosing to refer to a private hospital for their surgery.

4 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tabla.-- Comunicación presentada al Congreso Internacional sobre Desertificación (Tpic 2: Soil erosion and desertification) celebrado del 16 al 18 de Septiembre del 2009. ; Four experimental catchments in the Central Pyrenees were monitored by the Department of Geo-environmental Processes and Global Change (Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC) to assess the hydrological and geomorphological consequences of various land uses and vegetation cover. The catchments were selected along an altitudinal and land-use gradient and included: (i) a sub-Mediterranean environment affected by intense weathering and erosion processes on marls, (ii) an old abandoned cultivated area undergoing vegetation regrowth, (iii) a barely-disturbed forest area, and (iv) a sub-alpine grassland in the high mountains, affected by snow accumulation and melting processes. The results demonstrate that plant cover is a key factor influencing the suspended sediment concentration, total sediment yield and proportion of different types of sediment. ; Support for this research was provided by the following projects: PROBASE (CGL2006- 11619/HID CONSOLIDER), CETSUS (CGL2007-66644-C04-01/HID) and RESEL financed by the Spanish Government, and PI032/08 financed by the Aragón Government. E. Nadal has benefited from a research contract (I-D+I 2008-2011 National Program), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. ; Peer reviewed

International trade in services, defined as the backbone of the global economy, is expected to take approximately 50% by 2040 globally. Among services, two service categories are financial and insurance &amp; pension services. Considering the contribution of the exports of these services to the local and global economy and the increasing trend of their export values, this study aims to examine the main determinants of the export of financial and, insurance &amp; pension services. Therefore, it analyses the impacts of changes in Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Outflows, Financial Institutions Depth, Corruption Perception Index, Gross Domestic Product, and Federal Funds Rate on the export of financial and insurance &amp; pension services. The Panel Fixed Effect Model is applied using annual panel data from 2005 through 2018 for 82 high and middle-income countries. Empirical findings show that Financial Institutions Depth and Gross Domestic Product have positive effects on the export of financial and insurance &amp; pension services in high-income countries, while for middle-income countries, Financial Institutions Depth, Gross Domestic Product, and Foreign Direct Investment Outflow variables promote the export of financial and insurance &amp; pension services.

The rise of Fintech challenges established financial centres and incumbent financial institutions to rethink their strategies to remain obligatory passage points in the age of digitizing finance. To appreciate these changes, it is important to maintain theoretical interchange between developments in financial geography and economic geography, its parent discipline. In this paper, we argue that the ways in which evolutionary economic geography impacts strategic coupling in global financial networks are crucial to grasp tomorrow's geographies of Fintech. Through an in-depth examination of Brussels, we analyse the potential of Fintech opening a window of locational opportunity in financial services. Belgium has put together a strategy to seize this window by leveraging its politically neutral image and Brussels' existing niche in financial collaboration and infrastructural plumbing. The latter status is exemplified by the presence of global players SWIFT and Euroclear. We analyse how Belgian entrepreneurs and politicians assess Brussels' locational resources, and strategically couple big financial institutions with small tech startups in order to cultivate a Fintech ecosystem in the service of incumbent finance, constituting a Fin-Tech-State triangle. As such, we document and analyse how the coalescence of finance and technology offers new opportunities for secondtier financial centres, while highlighting the difficulties in reaping these in practice.

The rise of Fintech challenges established financial centres and incumbent financial institutions to rethink their strategies to remain obligatory passage points in the age of digitizing finance. To appreciate these changes, it is important to maintain theoretical interchange between developments in financial geography and economic geography, its parent discipline. In this paper, we argue that the ways in which evolutionary economic geography impacts strategic coupling in global financial networks are crucial to grasp tomorrow's geographies of Fintech. Through an in-depth examination of Brussels, we analyse the potential of Fintech opening a window of locational opportunity in financial services. Belgium has put together a strategy to seize this window by leveraging its politically neutral image and Brussels' existing niche in financial collaboration and infrastructural plumbing. The latter status is exemplified by the presence of global players SWIFT and Euroclear. We analyse how Belgian entrepreneurs and politicians assess Brussels' locational resources, and strategically couple big financial institutions with small tech startups in order to cultivate a Fintech ecosystem in the service of incumbent finance, constituting a Fin-Tech-State triangle. As such, we document and analyse how the coalescence of finance and technology offers new opportunities for secondtier financial centres, while highlighting the difficulties in reaping these in practice.

Financial regulation is an issue where differences between the EU and US are highly sensitive. Indeed, EU and US apply in a different manner the financial standards adopted at international level by the Basel Committee and have different systems of financial supervision.Due to these significant differences between the two systems, it is very difficult for the EU and US to reach an agreement on common financial standards within the TTIP negotiations. Actually, as the differences in regulation between the two systems are an obstacle to the access of the financial operators of each Party to the market of the other Party, the absence of common standards in this sector could nullify the efficacy of norms of market access that will be probably contained within the TTIP.Moreover, in a risk regulation perspective, considering the weight that the US and EU financial relationship have on the global system and taking account of the effect of destabilization that could be generated by the divergent requirements imposed to the credit institutions on the two sides of the Atlantic, the lack of common financial standards between the EU and US could have a great impact on global financial stability.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Dates, Transliteration and Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The Bolshevik Conception of International Finance -- International Finance and the Russian Revolution -- The Sociology of Revolution -- Financial Globalization and Russia -- Monetary Architecture and the Gold Standard -- Macroeconomic and Political Fundamentals -- Gatekeeper Finance and the Russian Revolution -- 1 Fault Lines: The Witte System and Missed Opportunities -- Pro: Witte the Revolutionary -- Contra: Witte the Revolutionary -- The Data: A Financial Revolution? -- The Evolution of the Witte System -- Good Tactics, Poor Strategy -- Conclusion -- 2 The Loan That Saved Russia? Reassessing the 5 Percent Russian Government Loan of 1906 -- The Background to and Historiography of the Loan That Saved Russia -- The Financial Impact of War and Domestic Unrest, 1904-5 -- "The Loan That Saved Russia" -- Starting the Negotiations -- Domestic Opposition -- The Impact of the Financial Manifesto -- International Opposition -- Conclusion -- 3 The Interrevolutionary Recovery and Rally -- Economic Drivers of the Rally -- Perceptions of a Revival in Agriculture -- Bond Market Comeback: The 1909 Conversion Loan -- The Influence of Geopolitics on Capital Flows -- Cartels and Distressed Opportunities: Reassuring and Attracting Investors -- Protecting Investors from the Slump through Market Coordination -- The Poliakov Affair -- Competition as a Driver of Foreign Investment -- An Increasingly Fragile System -- Deepening the Financial Front: The Politics of Finance and Social Implications of Foreign Investment -- Financial and Operational Leverage -- The Defense Stimulus -- The Historical Significance of the Prewar Crisis and the Haimson Debate -- Conclusion -- 4 Investing in the Revolution -- The Wartime Economic Crisis

The ongoing financial crisis has engendered growing calls for stronger ethical norms in business and society. This book combines theology, economy and philosophy to examine the idea that functional free markets require sound cultural and ethical foundations.

This book analyses and confronts the functioning of guarantee systems for SMEs in countries where these schemes had an important development. The book also highlights how the current financial crisis is modifying the guarantees schemes, through policy maker interventions.

В статье рассматриваются особенности современного финансово-экономического кризиса и экономических санкций, анализируются особенности международного политического сотрудничества. ; The article discusses the features of the current financial crisis and economic sanctions, analyzes the characteristics of international political cooperation.

The financial crisis and resulting recession could mark the end of a political era defined by the dominance of 'neo‐liberal' ideas. Stuart White asks: what will the new era look like? And what will be its agenda?