Suchergebnisse

Der Artikel beschreibt die Autonomiegeschichte des zu Tadschikistan gehörenden Berglandes Gorno-Badakhshan im Pamir. Der Verfasser wendet sich den Bedingungen zu, die zur Gründung der Autonomen Sozialistischen Sowjet-Republik Tadschikistan geführt hatten, beschreibt die Integration Gorno-Badakhshans in die Tadschikische ASSR 1925 und die Verleihung des Autonomiestatus. Während der sowjetischen Phase wurden im Land, auch im Zuge einer erfolgreichen Alphabetisierung, vergleichsweise gute Lebensbedingungen geschaffen. Der Verfasser erläutert im weiteren den Transformationsprozess der Autonomie nach der Unabhängigkeit Tadschikistans in den neunziger Jahren. Dieser ist gekennzeichnet durch die Folgen des Bürgerkrieges sowie durch den Wandel von einer durch staatliche Planung hervorgerufenen Zurückdrängung des Selbstversorgungsprinzips hin zur Subsistenzlandwirtschaft. Der Autor hofft, dass durch eine Wiederbelebung des innerturkestanischen Handels sowie durch den Ausbau der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zu Afghanistan die ökonomische Lage der Bevölkerung verbessert wird. (ICC)

This paper examines the process of societal development in the former Soviet republic of Tajikistan prior to and during the era of socialist construction in the early 1930s and 1940s. It studies the basis of a shift from popular-based participatory development to a bureaucratic and top-down approach to societal transformation in the 1950s and onward until the demise of the Soviet imperial power and the emergence of the independent republic of Tajikistan.A major focus is the argument that bureaucratization of state and society in Tajikistan in the 1960s and 1970s led to the emergence of anti-establishment discourse as seen in the increasing Islamization in the 1980s and subsequent armed clashes between defenders of the status quo and those of privatization and market economy in the 1990s. The war which resulted in the collapse of administrative and economic activities in Tajikistan, particularly in the Gorno-Badakhshan region, attracted international attention. This paper also analyzes the role of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) in the process of reconstruction, privatization and integration of Gorno- Badakhshan into the world community in the twenty-first century.

Metadata only record ; This paper is based on a small study conducted in Gorno Badakhshan, Tajikistan to highlight the impact of recent socio-economic changes in the livelihoods and well-beings of women. Women are the majority of traders. Most men see trading as a 'demeaning' activity. For women trading is a survival strategy, not a choice of occupation. The paper looks at the trade-offs that women have faced as a result. The shift towards a market economy has increased socio-economic differences, increased gender differences, increased women's workload, insecure livelihoods, and declined social capital. Women's participation in the public and political arena has declined.

The paper suggests a description of the place occupied in Tajikistan by the largest and less populated territory of the republic, namely Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, inhabited mostly by relative to Tajiks Pamiri peoples that possess ethnic and confessional identity of their own and speak about a dozen of Easter Iranian languages. A part of the region is also inhabited by a small number of nomadic Kyrgyz clans. The role of the region and its population in the history, economic and political development of Tajikistan, especially in post-Soviet period, as well as its future potential and possible threats to its peoples are considered at some length.

Pamiri ethnic nationalism in Post-Soviet Tajikistan has led to short-lived sovereign status in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region from 1992 to 1997 that has now been transmitted in the remaining parts of entire Badakhshan Region / Pamir Mountain Range; covering Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County of Tajikistan, and, Chitral District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and Gilgit-Baltistan Autonomous Region of Pakistan. As Pak-China Economic Corridor is crossing through Gilgit-Baltistan, anti-Pakistan elements can not only trigger Pamiri ethnic nationalism on the basis of former historical sovereignty, separate linguistic identity, or unique sectarian believes. This study discusses the ways of the Pamiri ethnic community in the entire Badakhshan Region that has little been inspiring from the ethnonational separatism in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. Similarly, anti-Pakistan and anti-CPEC elements are also analyzed in this study that is trying to disturb the socio-political and religious environment of Gilgit-Baltistan to disrupt CPEC. Future assessments of the region after completing CPEC, historical background and economic worth of the Gilgit-Baltistan, and, developmental opportunities for Afghanistan and Tajikistan are also observed in this study.