В статье представлен опыт реализации и содержание программы повышения квалификации государственных и муниципальных служащих с целью формирования готовности слушателей к эффективному осуществлению профессиональной деятельности в области межконфессиональных и межэтнических отношений при решении задач обеспечения безопасного функционирования общественных институтов в современном поликультурном обществе.
The article analyzes relations between Germany, the U.S. and NATO that are the basis of transatlantic links. After the Cold War finished and Germany reunited, Berlin has pursued a more independent foreign policy and has advocated NATO's transformation into a "balanced Euro-American alliance". Angela Merkel as a new head of the German government (since 2005) managed to considerably narrow differences in bilateral relations. German leaders seek to expand its political and economic influence in the world, which is only possible within the context of strengthening German-American relations and solidarity within the North Atlantic Alliance. Mutually beneficial economic relations and strong position of Germany in the EU increase the role of the country in the transatlantic relations. ; Анализируются отношения между Германией, США и НАТО, лежащие в основе трансатлантических связей. После окончания холодной войны и объединения Германии Берлин проводит более независимую внешнюю политику и выступает за трансформацию НАТО в «сбалансированный евро-американский альянс». Ангеле Меркель, как новому главе правительства Германии с 2005 г., удалось в значительной степени сгладить противоречия в двусторонних отношениях. Руководство Германии стремится расширить политическое и экономическое влияние в мире, что возможно лишь в контексте укрепления германо-американских отношений и солидарности в Североатлантическом альянсе. Взаимовыгодные экономические отношения и сильные позиции Германии в ЕС повышают роль страны в трансатлантических отношениях.
The subject of the research is public relations concerning the execution of the powers of the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the sphere of local self-government.The aim of the research is substantiating the urgent need for legal regulation of the forms of participation of the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in municipal legal relations, systematization of these forms and determining the limits of participation of this official in municipal legal relations.When setting the aim of the research, the authors proceeded from the fact that the independence of local self-government defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation is not absolute and unlimited. On the contrary, the Constitution of the Russian Federation and current federal legislation provide the possibility of participation of state authorities, including the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, in municipal legal relations. The research methodology includes general scientific methods, as well as some special ones, such as formal logic, structural analysis, structural-functional and interpretative methods, legal analysis, comparative analysis. The authors analyzed legal regulation in Russia and law enforcement practiceThe main results of the research. Theoretical and practical approaches to legal substantiation of the necessity of participation of the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in municipal legal relations were formulated. The authors systematized the organizational and legal forms of participation of the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in municipal legal relations and analyzed their content. This made it possible to substantiate a set of proposals directly or indirectly aimed at improving this model of public relations within the framework of the concept of the unity of public authority enshrined in the Constitution. The main forms of participation of the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in municipal legal relations are: promoting the development of local self-government; interaction with local self-government bodies; participation in the formation of local self-government bodies; application (participation in application) of measures of legal responsibility in respect of local self-government bodies and local self-government officials; temporary exercise of certain powers of local self-government bodies.Conclusions. According to the special legal status of the highest official in the system of state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the combined potential of all organizational and legal forms of his participation in municipal legal relations undoubtedly allows to increase the effectiveness of public authority. Such participation helps to provide additional guarantees for the implementation of governmental programs for the development of local self-government on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, to assist local self-government bodies in resolving local issues and vested certain state powers, to ensure strict observance of the law, rights and freedoms of people on the territory of municipalities. ; Обосновывается назревшая необходимость правового регулирования форм участия высшего должностного лица субъекта Российской Федерации в муниципальных правоотношениях, систематизации указанных форм и определения пределов такого участия. Проведенная систематизация организационно-правовых форм участия высшего должностного лица субъекта Российской Федерации в муниципальных правоотношениях и выявление их содержания с учетом складывающейся правоприменительной практики позволили обосновать комплекс предложений по совершенствованию нормативного регулирования в рамках концепции единства публичной власти. Сделан вывод о том, что участие высшего должностного лица субъекта федерации в муниципальных правоотношениях несомненно позволяет обеспечивать дополнительные гарантии реализации государственных программ развития местного самоуправления на территории субъекта Российской Федерации, содействовать решению органами местного самоуправления вопросов местного значения и переданных государственных полномочий, обеспечивать неукоснительное соблюдение законности, прав и свобод человека и гражданина на территории муниципальных образований.
Abstract: The relationship between central and local government are the result of a long evolution of political, state and social systems. In each country they have their own specific logic and development. Decentralization is one of the main components of administrative reform in many countries, was aimed at improving governance, including through the development and more fully realization of the local government's potential. Leading European countries have developed various theoretical and practical approaches that have become a reference for other countries. ; Аннотация: Отношения между центральной и местной властью являются результатом долгой взаимообусловленной эволюции политико-государственной и социальной системы. В каждой стране они имеют свою специфику и логику развития. Децентрализация управления, одна из главных составляющих административных реформ во многих странах, была направлена на повышение эффективности системы государственного управления, в том числе за счет развития и более полной реализации потенциала местного самоуправления. Ведущие европейские страны выработали различные теоретические и практические подходы, ставшие ориентиром для других стран.
This article, based on data from an expert survey, describes and interprets data from statistical observations together with the results of a mass survey conducted in the Republic of Dagestan, which was undertaken in order to study the regional characteristics of internal (within the country) and external (international) migration. It was discovered that regional migration processes, as perceived by the masses in Dagestan, reflect the statistical data, which shows a mechanical decline in the population due to a migratory exchange with other regions within the country, as well as a minor influx of migrant workers from nearby foreign countries. The main directions of internal migration for Dagestan's residents appear to be highly developed in terms of their socio-economic situation regions such as Moscow and the cities of West Siberia. The material from the expert survey allows for meaningfully interpreting the characteristics of how such a factor as migration affects the demographic, socio-economic and sociopolitical aspects of life in Dagestan. Dagestan's people's firmly established outlook on the positive influence of migration on the region's socio-economic situation, which supposedly decreases tension on the local labor market, is complemented by a notion that preserving such a tendency would create demographic risks in the long term such as aging of the population and a decrease in the birthrate. The majority of Dagestan's residents are not yet concerned with the influx of immigrants, with the local population showing a high degree of tolerance in regards to external migrants. The article argues that such a tolerant and friendly attitude towards migrants has to do with both the modest amount of non-transit migrants in Dagestan and the fact that they tend to be similar to most peoples of Dagestan in terms of their socio-cultural profile, them being ethnic Muslims. Regardless, the demand for the government to implement measures aimed at the social adaptation and cultural integration of migrants (mainly teaching said migrants the Russian language and basic information on Russian legislation) is present even in Dagestan's society, which is accustomed to ethnical and confessional diversity.
В монографии впервые в Беларуси системно-комплексно рассмотрено новое для постсоветского пространства явление – Government Relations (GR), т. е. связь и взаимодействие коммерческих организаций с органами государственной власти и управления. Исследуются сущность, закономерности, мировые тренды в развитии данного феномена. Особое внимание уделено специфике развития GR в Петербурге и Минске, сделаны выводы о позитивной динамике в процессе институционализации GR-деятельности в Беларуси и России.
In the article the activity of State Duma and local authorities on enforcement of an antialcoholic policy of the government in the days of the First World War is analyzed. The introduction consequences of the dry law are considered. The estimate of relation to it of the Russian entrepreneurs, leaders of noble families and peasant households is given. ; В статье анализируется деятельность Государственной Думы и местных органов власти по проведению в жизнь антиалкогольной политики правительства в годы Первой мировой войны. Рассматриваются последствия введения сухого закона, дается оценка отношения к нему российских предпринимателей, дворянских лидеров и крестьянских обществ.
Issues concerning interethnic relations in the Russian Federation as a multinational state, are relevant. They are especially important in the border regions of the country. Scientific analysis of ways and mechanisms of harmonization of interethnic relations is of great importance for maintaining the socio-political, economic stability of modern society, as well as social harmony in the region. The following indicators are considered: the specifics of national identity (the degree of closeness with people of the same nationality, the risk of dissolving into the culture of other peoples); changes in interethnic relations in the region over the past five years; access to public benefits for people of different nationalities (receiving guaranteed social, medical, educational services, chances of employment, developing their business, holding high positions in government); attitudes towards migrants and the migration situation in general (the region's residents' assessments of migrants living in the region, attitudes towards them, the need to attract them to the region and support them by the Russian government, possible measures to establish good neighborly relations between migrants and the local population, the role of national diasporas in harmonizing such relations, the impact of population migration on the situation in the region as a whole). The practical value of the study lies in the presentation of current assessments of residents of Altai krai about interethnic relations and the migration situation in the region. The empirical basis is the data from a sociological study implemented in the Altai krai (n = 400) by the research team of the Altai State University. The obtained data were analyzed using the methods of mathematical and statistical data processing (SPSS 23.0 statistical package). It is noted that people who have experienced the spread of infringement of rights due to nationality are more likely than others to be at risk of losing their nationality; in the absence of a sufficient number of chances ...
The article considers GR-management both as a science (a system of knowledge about laws, strategies, and representation forms of corporate interests in the sphere of politics), and an art (a complex of abilities and skills of successful positioning and promotion of group interests in the public sphere by means of exerting effective influence on public authorities in order to make them reach decisions which would suit the company).The first part of the article analyses the institutionalisation of the new academic discipline and the set of techniques of public communications. The interdisciplinary approach makes it possible to consider GR to be a multifunctional technology of public communication of the concerned groups with state authorities, which not only provides a means of positioning group interests in the public space effectively, but also guarantees a balance of interests in adopting political decisions. The implementation of integrative methodology offers new opportunities in the system analysis of theoretical and practical issues of communication between the concerned groups and the state authorities in different countries; it also helps to elicit universal and particular practices of promoting group interests in the process of political decision-making. ; GR-менеджмент рассматривается в статье одновременно как наука (система знаний о закономерностях, стратегиях и формах репрезентации корпоративных интересов в политической сфере) и искусство (совокупность умений и навыков успешного позиционирования и продвижения групповых интересов в публичной сфере путем эффективного влияния на органы государственной власти с целью принятия ими выгодного для компании решения).В первой части статьи анализируется институционализация новой научной дисциплины и набора технологий публичных коммуникаций. Междисциплинарный подход позволяет рассмотреть GR как многофункциональную технологию публичной коммуникации заинтересованных групп с органами государственной власти, позволяющую эффективно позиционировать групповые интересы в публичном пространстве и обеспечивать баланс интересов при принятии политических решений. Реализация интегративной методологии открывает новые возможности системного анализа теоретических и прикладных проблем коммуникации заинтересованных групп и органов государственной власти различных стран, позволяет выявить универсальные и партикулярные практики продвижения групповых интересов в процессе принятия политических решений.
Статья посвящена проблеме определения политологических подходов к изучению отношений власти и бизнеса. В современной политической науке активно развивается новое направление, изучающее взаимоотношения бизнес-структур с органами государственной власти, - Government Relations. Поэтому важно установить теоретико-методологические границы изучения данного явления. Автором подробно рассматриваются теории и подходы, с помощью которых возможно исследование причин взаимодействия бизнеса с властью, основных моделей осуществления данного взаимодействия, а также выявление методов реализации GR-стратегий.
In the modern epoch many countries, including China and Russia, have developed market economies of differing types. This work provides an analysis of the laws of market regulation, state regulation and proportional development, as well as an analysis of the relations between them, all of which are of exceptional scientific and political significance. The law of proportionality is a universal law of social production and of the national economy. The law of market regulation (the law of value) represents an important mechanism for implementing the law of proportionality in a commodity economy, and has played a decisive role in the application of this latter law from the time when the simple commodity economy was transformed into a capitalist commodity economy. The law of state regulation (the law of planning) is the means of realisation of the law of proportionality in collectivised production and in a state-regulated national economy. In China's socialist market economy the law of state regulation (the law of planning) and the law of market regulation (the law of value) are combined into an organic whole with fruitful, mutually reinforcing functions and synergetic effects, in order to bring the law of proportional development into play and to banish the old economic problem of disproportions in economic development. Through these methods, a larger mass of production can be achieved with a smaller expenditure of resources, while obtaining maximum benefit and bringing about a high level of economic and social well-being.
Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Сравнительное правоведение" ; В статье сравнивается и анализируется регулирование прав и полномочий российских и белорусских регионов в сфере внешних связей. В связи с различием государственного устройства России и Беларуси в первом случае основным объектом исследования стало распределение полномочий между федеральным центром и регионами, а во втором — полномочия органов местного управления и самоуправления. На основании проведенного анализа сделаны выводы, что хотя в обеих странах пока не сформированы правовые основы практического участия регионов в трансграничном межрегиональном сотрудничестве, в российском законодательстве прописаны основные права и направление деятельности субъектов федерации в данной сфере, в то время как белорусское законодательство фактически не предусматривает возможности развития регионами такого сотрудничества по собственной инициативе. = The article gives comparative analysis regulation of rights and powers of the Russian and Belarusian regions in the external relations sphere. Due to the differences in state organization of Russia and Belarus the main object of investigation is the distribution of powers between the federal centre and the regions in Russia and the powers of the local administration and governments. The author made his conclusions on the basis of the study that though both countries still lack the legal basis for the regions' participation in trans-border inter-regional cooperation, the Russian constitution and law fix the basic rights and areas of competence of the subjects of federation in this sphere, whereas Belarusian law actually does not stipulate the possibilities of initiation and development of such regional cooperation.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of Russian international position in the XVII–XVIII centuries and to the change of the status of Russia in perception by Europeans from external, rather «Asian» state to European, though in many respects alien and obscure, power. In the article the main milestones of the European policy of Russia, features of its relations with Europe within the Westphalian system of the international relations are conceptually tracked. The attention is paid to the questions of the large-scale Russian army reorganization, the military industry development. Changes in the character and methods of the Russian foreign policy, particularly readiness of the government to allow country's participation in the international agreements and unions, are noted. Diplomacy received recognition as one of the most important directions in the state activities. From the second half of the XVIII century Russia actively participated in maintenance of the European balance, no large European problem was solved without direct or indirect participation of Russia. Nevertheless, according to the author of article, it is impossible to speak about organic inclusion of Russia in the European relations' system because in the European ruling circles and public consciousness Russia was perceived as something alien, external towards Europe ; Статья посвящена анализу трансформации международного положения Российского государства в XVII–XVIII веках, изменению его статуса в восприятии европейцев от внешнего, скорее «азиатского», государства до европейской, хотя и во многом чуждой и малопонятной, державы. В статье концептуально прослежены основные вехи европейской политики России, особенности ее взаимоотношений с Европой в рамках Вестфальской системы международных отношений. Уделяется внимание вопросам масштабной реорганизации русской армии, развития военной промышленности. Отмечаются изменения в характере и методах внешней политики России, в частности готовность правительства допускать участие страны в международных соглашениях и союзах. Дипломатия получила признание как важнейшее направление государственной деятельности. Со второй половины XVIII века Россия активно участвовала в поддержании европейского баланса, ни одна крупная европейская проблема не решалась без прямого или косвенного участия России. Тем не менее, по мнению автора статьи, нельзя говорить об органичном включении России в систему европейских отношений, поскольку в европейских правящих кругах и общественном сознании Россия воспринималась как нечто чуждое, внешнее по отношению к Европе
In the article, the basic vocabulary of BRICS countries, its regional tendencies of business development, and its share taken in the foreign-economic activity are analyzed. Contribution of different foreign trade fields of regions into economic development is revealed. Indicators of development levels of external economic links are reviewed. Alternative options of the foreign trade development, expenses and benefits from its reorientation, and the reason of low indicators of development of foreign trade activity of the Ural regions with BRICS countries are evaluated, and measures for their improvement and development are offered. The mechanism and tools of stimulation of foreign economic relations development of regions with BRICS countries are investigated. The internal and external motives and incentives of expansion of these relations are examined. The factors influencing the regional markets development and revealing multidirectional tendencies in activities of business, government, society for development of foreign economic relations of the Ural regions with BRICS countries, and first of all with Brazil, India, China and the Republic of South Africa are investigated. The export-import features of the foreign trade operations with these countries, and also possible ways and the directions of expansion of the prognostics of foreign economic relations in the conditions of toughening and restriction of similar operations and financial sources from the developed countries, first of all the USA and EU countries are represented. Author examines the reasons and scenario, problems and difficulties for the country and the Ural regions in refocusing of international economic relation from Western Europe to the South-East Asia countries. Real opportunities of participation of regions of the country in the import substitution and development of own resource and production base are analyzed. The research is focused on analysis of international economic relations of the Middle-Ural enterprises with BRICS countries, on identification of causes and effects for enterprises of the old industrial region of reduction of export-import transactions on both developed, and emergent markets in the conditions of toughening and instability of environment in the national and world financial markets. ; Проанализированы терминологический аппарат БРИКС, региональные тенденции развития бизнеса и мера его участия во внешнеэкономической деятельности данной группы стран. Выявлены альтернативные варианты развития внешней торговли, издержки и выгоды от ее переориентации, а также причины низких показателей развития внешнеторговой деятельности регионов Урала со странами БРИКС. Предложены меры по их совершенствованию и развитию. Рассмотрено управление внешнеэкономической деятельностью региона. Представлены партнеры и конкуренты Среднего Урала.
The article considers the social activities of non-governmental organizations in relation to families with children in the context of the modernization of the system of social services for the population, which is aimed at encouraging citizens to independently overcome life difficulties. The paper analyses the social activities of commercial and non-profit organizations, innovative technologies, the quality and variety of services provided to families in need. The authors determine the main barriers to their interaction with government agencies. The study notes, that social activities of commercial and non-commercial organizations expand the range of social services, their accessibility to the population, improve the quality and efficiency. The paper defines the priority directions of activities of socially oriented NGOs in relation to families and children in the context of Russian realities: assistance to families in the development and upbringing of children, assistance in employment and adaptation of mothers, social support for families in need, etc. The study established that the non-governmental sector responds quickly to the needs of citizens and acute social problems, which allows it to be an effective performer of social services. The authors conclude that in Russia it is necessary to form an effective management system for the development of non-governmental organizations as providers of services to families in need, optimize inter-sectoral collaboration. Social activities of the non-governmental sector have great potential and development prospects. ; Рассмотрена социальная деятельность негосударственных организаций в отношении семей с детьми в условиях модернизации системы социального обслуживания населения, нацеленная на стимулирование граждан самостоятельно преодолевать жизненные трудности. Проанализирована социальная деятельность коммерческих и некоммерческих организаций, инновационные технологии, качество и разнообразие предоставляемых нуждающимся семьям услуг. Определены основные барьеры их ...
