Suchergebnisse

Throughout West, East, and Central Africa today—at a time when all these countries want to quicken the pace of development—masses of young people drift from rural areas to the cities in search of work. Mainly primary school leavers with an aversion to traditional farming, they set out hopefully to become first-generation wage-earners. But neither the jobs nor the vocational training exists that could meet their demands. And, as each year passes, the numbers of unemployed in the cities swell.

What is unemployment in China? For 20 years after the Great Leap Forward was officially credited with having achieved full employment in 1958, this question could not even be raised in the People's Republic of China. From the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 and up to 1958 unemployment problems had been prominently featured in the Chinese press. In 1978 unemployment again became a topic of discussion. The reappearance of unemployment as an acceptable subject of debate was a further indication of how much of Maoist ideology had been officially discarded since the death of Mao Zedong two years earlier. One Chinese summed up these changes as they related to employment problems in this way2: Employment is a major economic as well as a major social problem. But from 1958 until the destruction of the "gang of four," problems of employment virtually constituted a taboo which could not be discussed in public. After the smashing of the "gang of four" and especially after the third plenary session of the 11th Party Congress (December 1978), a new employment policy was decided on. This was a strategic decision of immense significance.

Unemployment in non-agricultural sector of the economy of China. Problem of reliability of official Chinese statistics about unemployment. Inconsistencies in definitions of employment and unemployment. Return of large number of youths from rural areas between 1978-1980 greatly increased the number of people looking for work in cities and towns. Wide variety of jobs opened up to these youth by the employment reforms began in 1979. Success of the new employment policies - creation of millions of jobs in urban areas between 1977-80. (DÜI-Sen)

RNIB Condover Hall School, located near Shrewsbury, provides education for children and young people aged five to 19. All the pupils have visual impairments and severe additional handicaps. This article describes an attempt (1994) to assess whether the current Condover Hall procedures in preparing and placing leavers were proving to be appropriate and adequate in practice. The survey targeted leavers' parents, establishments used for placement and social services departments involved with the school over several years.

The purpose of this study was to investigate some psychological effects of unemployment on young people. Questionnaires requesting attitudes, expectations and experience of employment and unemployment, and containing a variety of psychological measures were administered to 118 intending school leavers when they were still at school and seven months later. In general it was found that attitudes to work differed little between the unemployed and the employed, but that the unemployment experience did result in psychological consequences for the individual in terms of loss of happiness and self esteem.