Suchergebnisse

Postojeće procjene utjecaja programa SAPARD i IPARD u Hrvatskoj ne daju informaciju o njihovom učinku na financijske pokazatelje poslovanja korisnika potpora, kako na razini pojedinog korisnika tako i na agregatnoj razini. Postojeće ex post evaluacije se bave procjenom uspješnosti provedbe programa korištenjem indikatora ostvarenja kao što su broj korisnika i isplaćeni iznos potpore po mjerama i ukupno za program. Ovim indikatorima možemo odrediti uspješnost administracije (ministarstava i agencije za plaćanja), no ne i utjecaj na poslovni uspjeh korisnika te ne možemo odrediti širu javnu, odnosno društvenu korist. U ovom radu je istražena povezanost potpora SAPARD-a i IPARD-a s financijskim pokazateljima uspješnosti poduzeća korisnika primjenom usporedne analize pokazatelja prije dobivanja potpore i pokazatelja u razdoblju do pet godina nakon dobivanja potpore. Gledano za sve korisnike zajedno, utvrđeno je da financijski pokazatelji nakon dobivanja potpore nisu značajno različiti od istih pokazatelja prije dobivanja potpore. Provjerom po skupinama korisnika s obzirom na područje djelatnosti i veličinu poduzeća, značajne razlike za pojedine pokazatelje ustanovljene su kod određenih skupina po veličini. Rezultati pokazuju da su u razredu mikro poduzeća prihod i profitabilnost značajno veći u prve dvije do tri godine nakon primanja potpore. Zanimljivo je da su značajne razlike kod velikih poduzeća ustanovljene u petoj godini od dobivanja potpore, pri čemu su prihodi od prodaje značajno veći nego prije dobivanja potpore, dok su profitabilnost, zaposlenost i financijska stabilnost manji. Općenito gledano, rezultati ukazuju na slabu vezu između potpora i promatranih pokazatelja. No, s obzirom na to da je u istraživanju primijenjen naive pristup koji ne omogućuje kauzalno zaključivanje, to je za preciznu ocjenu doprinosa potpora uočenim razlikama potrebno obaviti dodatna istraživanja primjenom protučinjeničnog ili sličnog pristupa. ; The existing evaluations of SAPARD and IPARD in Croatia do not provide information on their impact on financial performance of beneficiaries, both at individual company and at aggregate level. Existing ex-post evaluations are concerned with assessing the implementation success of the programs using performance indicators such as the number of beneficiaries and the amount of support granted per measure and in total. These indicators can be used to determine the success of public administration (ministries and paying agency??) but not to determine the influence on business success of beneficiaries or to determine the broader public or social benefit. This paper explores the relation of SAPARD and IPARD grants with the financial performance indicators of the beneficiary companies, using a comparative analysis of pre-grant indicators and indicators up to 5 years after the grant. Taken all the beneficiaries together, the financial indicators after receiving grants were not significantly different from the same indicators prior to receiving grants. Through comparison by groups of beneficiaries with regard to the business sector and size of the company, significant differences in individual indicators were found for certain groups by size. The results show that in the micro-enterprise class, sales revenues and profitability are significantly higher in the first 2-3 years after receiving support. Interestingly, significant differences are found in large enterprises in the 5th year after receipt of the aid, with sales revenues significantly higher than before receiving the aid, while profitability, employment and financial stability are lower. In general, the results indicate a weak link between grants and observed indicators. However, since a naive approach was applied, which does not allow causal inference, additional investigations are required to assess the contribution of the grants to the differences observed.

U ovome radu prikazani su rezultati teorijskog i empirijskog istraživanja kojim su utvrđena dugoročna razvojna obilježja brdsko-planinskih područja u Republici Hrvatskoj, kao i učinci dosadašnjeg sustava potpore njihovom razvoju. Polazeći od teorijske i strateške razrade problematike razvoja brdsko-planinskih područja, svrha ovog istraživanja bila je analizirati ukupna demografska, ekonomska i fiskalna kretanja u brdsko-planinskim područjima Republike Hrvatske u usporedbi s prosječnim kretanjima na nacionalnoj razini. S tim u vezi, cilj istraživanja bio je kritički i empirijski ispitati učinkovitost i nedostatke dosadašnjeg sustava potpore razvoju brdsko-planinskih područja u kontekstu ostvarenja zakonski postavljenih ciljeva hrvatske regionalne politike. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja ukazuju na povećanje divergencije u cjelokupnom razvoju Republike Hrvatske i razvoju njezinih brdsko-planinskih područja, ali i na neučinkovitost državnih intervencija u zaustavljanju tog procesa. Ključni razlozi za to su relativno mala izdašnost državnih pomoći, zatim nedostatak kvalitetnih kriterija za njihovo dodjeljivanje te provedba neadekvatnih mjera i instrumenta za poticanje razvoja brdsko-planskih područja. ; This paper presents the results of theoretical and empirical research that determines the longterm development characteristics of mountain areas in the Republic of Croatia, as well as the impact of the previous system of support for their development. Based on the theoretical and strategic analysis of the development problems of mountain areas, the aim of this research was to analyse the demographic, economic and fiscal dynamics of mountain areas in Croatia by comparing them with the average trends at the national level. Therefore, the aim of this research was to critically and empirically examine the efficiency and shortcomings of the previous system of support for mountain area development within the framework of the legally defined objectives of Croatian regional policy. The results of the conducted research ...

The concession for the third network of the Croatian TV is the most substantial concession that has been granted for the radio or television broadcasting in the Republic of Croatia. It attracted a number of big-time bidders from all over the world e.g. News Corporation, RTL Group, SBS Broadcasting & CME Group. The article outlines how the decision to disaffiliate the third network from the HTV system was eventually reached, & describes the entire procedure of grant concession, from inviting the tenders & their analysis to the final decision. The concession was granted to the corporation "RTL Ltd" on the basis of the project they had submitted called "HRTL." Thus Croatia became the 24th country in which the RTL Group, a division of the German broadcasting giant Bertlesmann, broadcasts its programmes. On 30 April 2004, eight months after the concession had been granted, the new TV station went on the air. 3 Tables, 15 References. Adapted from the source document.

The continuity with the former federal & republic nationality in the successor states of former SFRY confirms that it has kept on being regulated by their internal laws. However, not in all cases regulations of citizenship have been implemented in accordance with the provisions that are defined by international law. The basic nationality principles have not been applied to the citizens of different ethnic origin. For their own political interests the states did not take measures to duly grant citizenship to the persons that at the time of succession were nationals of the predecessor state. The delay in passing & implementing the laws, non-respect of the right of option, the exclusiveness of domestic citizenship & the absence of solutions for the protection of family unity had a negative reflection on the achievement of rights of citizens. The problems have gradually been overcome by introducing novelties in laws, by adopting administrative legislation & jurisprudence of the successor states, but as far as equality before the law is concerned some issues have remained unsolved. References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper looks into the concession granted for the new commercial TV station that began broadcasting in May of 2004 on the former 3rd HTV channel. The author was a member of the tender-collecting body. She poses several related questions. In the first part of the paper, she examines the final decision concerning the concession grant in the light of the dubious quality of the so-called media laws in Croatia. In the second part she analyzes the role of the public media in relation to the rampant commercialization of programming. In the third part she looks into the new ownership relations on the media markets & the relentless ownership concentration. By granting this concession, Croatia became the 24th country in which the RTL, a branch of the media giant Bertelsmann AG, is broadcasting. The global trend of the emergence of the media empires has spread even to those markets that have only recently & after much struggle got rid of their former owner: the state. Where does this rise of the new centers of power lead to & what are their goals? 1 Table, 10 References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper looks into the concession granted for the new commercial TV station that began broadcasting in May of 2004 on the former 3rd HTV channel. The author was a member of the tender-collecting body. She poses several related questions. In the first part of the paper, she examines the final decision concerning the concession grant in the light of the dubious quality of the so-called media laws in Croatia. In the second part she analyzes the role of the public media in relation to the rampant commercialization of programming. In the third part she looks into the new ownership relations on the media markets & the relentless ownership concentration. By granting this concession, Croatia became the 24th country in which the RTL, a branch of the media giant Bertelsmann AG, is broadcasting. The global trend of the emergence of the media empires has spread even to those markets that have only recently & after much struggle got rid of their former owner: the state. Where does this rise of the new centers of power lead to & what are their goals? 1 Table, 10 References. Adapted from the source document.

U članku se analiziraju ustavi socijalističke Jugoslavije i država sljednica. Autorica pokazuje da se može govoriti o kontinuitetu ustavnog identiteta ako se kao predmet usporedbe uzme pitanje temeljnog subjekta ustavnog identiteta. U oba slučaja ustav daje primat jednoj skupini u državi – radničkoj klasi, odnosno naciji – te se pozicija građanina u sustavu izvodi iz njegove pripadnosti titularnoj skupini. Analiza ustavnog identiteta država sljednica također pokazuje da u tim državama ne može biti riječi o izgradnji modela građanskog ustavnog identiteta, iako se u ustavima država tako definira. Temeljna načela tih ustava karakteristična su za ustave koji se klasificiraju kao etnonacionalni, gdje dakle pripadnost nacionalnoj skupini određuje politički subjektivitet. Učinak je takve koncepcije ustavnog identiteta stvaranje zajednice čije su temeljne vrijednosti isključujuće za one članove društva koji ne pripadaju toj skupini. Autorica međutim pokazuje da i države koje se klasificiraju kao građanske sadrže elemente etnonacionalne koncepcije identiteta, iako oni ovdje ne čine same temelje ustava i zajednice. Tako se, primjerice, i u građanskim državama poput Francuske i SAD-a svim pripadnicima društva nameću dominantna kultura i dominantni jezik, odnosno integracija članova zajednice temelji se na asimilaciji. U članku se osim toga pokazuje da u stvarnosti i u tim državama nerijetko postoji nesklad između proklamiranih građanskih vrijednosti i prakse. Ipak, može se reći da je u sustavima u kojima se temeljne vrijednosti grade na osnovi inkluzivnijih koncepata prisutan i veći stupanj integracije i građanske tolerancije. Na toj osnovi autorica na kraju razmatra pitanje odnosa ustava i kulture. ; The paper analyses the constitutions of Socialist Yugoslavia and successor countries. The author shows that it is possible to identify a continuity of constitutional identity when the issue of the basic subject of constitutional identity is taken as an object of comparison. In both cases, the constitution grants primac– ...

The Croatian-English parallel corpus MaCoCu-hr-en 1.0 was built by crawling the ".hr" internet top-level domain in 2021, extending the crawl dynamically to other domains as well. All the crawling process was carried out by the MaCoCu crawler (https://github.com/macocu/MaCoCu-crawler). Websites containing documents in both target languages were identified and processed using the tool Bitextor (https://github.com/bitextor/bitextor). Considerable efforts were devoted into cleaning the extracted text to provide a high-quality parallel corpus. This was achieved by removing boilerplate and near-duplicated paragraphs and documents that are not in one of the targeted languages. Document and segment alignment as implemented in Bitextor were carried out, and BicleanerAI (https://github.com/bitextor/bicleaner-ai) and Bifixer (https://github.com/bitextor/bifixer) were used for fixing, cleaning, and deduplicating the final version of the corpus. While the TXT format consists solely of pairs of source and target segments (one or several sentences), each segment pair in the TMX format is accompanied by the following metadata: - source and target document URL; - quality score as provided by the tool BicleanerAI; - translation direction identification: the source segment in each segment pair was identified by using a probabilistic model; - personal information identification ("biroamer-entities"): segments containing personal information are flagged, so final users of the corpus can decide whether to use these segments; - language variants: the language variant of English (British or American) was identified for every segment pair on document and domain level. Notice and take down: Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please: (1) Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted. (2) Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed. (3) Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient in order to allow us to locate the material. (4) Please write to the contact person for this resource whose email is available in the full item record. We will comply with legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus. This action has received funding from the European Union's Connecting Europe Facility 2014-2020 - CEF Telecom, under Grant Agreement No. INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2278341. This communication reflects only the author's view. The Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Svrha je rada upozoriti na osobitu važnost suradnje država u borbi protiv krijumčarenja migranata morem, napose u prostoru izvan područja suverenosti obalnih država. U radu se stoga objašnjava međunarodnopravni okvir za aktivnosti država u borbi protiv krijumčarenja migranata morem. Pritom je naglasak stavljen na jurisdikciju država za provođenje prisilnih mjera protiv brodova kojima se krijumčare migranti. Izlaganje polazi od općih pravila koja uređuju jurisdikciju država na otvorenom moru, a danas su kodificirana u Konvenciji Ujedinjenih naroda o pravu mora iz 1982. Potom je fokus usmjeren na posebna pravila u vezi s krijumčarenjem migranata na moru sadržanima u Protokolu protiv krijumčarenja migranata kopnom, morem i zrakom, prihvaćenu uz Konvenciju UN-a protiv transnacionalnog organiziranog kriminaliteta iz 2000., gdje je u čl. 7. Protokola podcrtana upravo dužnost suradnje država stranaka "na sprječavanju i suzbijanju krijumčarenja migranata morem, u skladu s međunarodnim pravom mora". Protokol protiv krijumčarenja migranata u svome članku 17., štoviše, potiče države ugovornice na "sklapanje dvostranih ili regionalnih sporazuma ili operativnih dogovora ili suglasnosti" radi njegove bolje implementacije. U tom su smislu prikazani i evaluirani oblici bilateralne i multilateralne regionalne suradnje država s naglaskom na Mediteran, uzimajući napose u obzir suradnju država članica Europske unije preko Agencije za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu (Frontex). K tomu, dan je osvrt na Rezoluciju Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a br. 2240 (2015) koja državama članicama UN-a daje izvanredne jurisdikcijske ovlasti na otvorenom moru pred obalama Libije, a služi kao pravni temelj za djelovanje mornaričke operacije EU-a EUNAVFOR Med "Sophia" u okviru Zajedničke sigurnosne i obrambene politike. ; The aim of the paper is to highlight the particular importance of interstate cooperation in combating migrant smuggling by sea, notably in waters beyond the sovereignty of coastal states. In explaining the international legal framework for the activities of states in combating migrant smuggling by sea, emphasis is put on the jurisdiction of states to take enforcement measures against vessels that are engaged in migrant smuggling. First, the general rules concerning the jurisdiction of states on the high seas are discussed, which are codified today in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982. Thereafter, the focus is on the special rules regarding migrant smuggling by sea, as comprised in the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air of 2000, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Article 7 of the Protocol indeed emphasizes the duty of states parties to "cooperate to the fullest extent possible to prevent and suppress the smuggling of migrants by sea, in accordance with the international law of the sea." Article 17 of the Migrant Smuggling Protocol furthermore encourages states parties to "consider the conclusion of bilateral or regional agreements or operational arrangements or understandings" with a view to enhancing the Protocol's implementation. In that respect the paper examines and evaluates forms of bilateral and regional cooperation between states with an emphasis on the Mediterranean, and especially considers the cooperation between the member states of the European Union via the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). In addition, the UN Security Council Resolution 2240 (2015) is analyzed, since it grants the UN member states exceptional jurisdictional powers on the high seas off the Libyan coast and serves as the legal basis for the activities of EUNAVOR Med Sophia, an EU naval operation in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy.

Način funkcioniranja i prilagodba nacionalnog sustava upravljanja i provedbe instrumenata kohezijske (u nastavku: regionalne) politike Europske unije (u nastavku: EU) te, posljedično, učinkovitost toga sustava, ima presudan utjecaj na dinamiku i svrsishodnost povlačenja sredstava fondova regionalne politike EU. Uzimajući u obzir aktualnost te teme uslijed završetka proračunskog razdoblja EU, 2014. - 2020. i perspektivu novog proračunskog razdoblja EU (2021. - 2027.), doktorska disertacija izdiže se iznad vremenskih ograničenja proračunskih razdoblja jer analizira problematiku korištenja sredstava regionalne politike EU u kontekstu znanstvenog doprinosa predlaganju modela institucionalnog okruženja sustava upravljanja instrumentima (fondovima) regionalne politike EU u Hrvatskoj. U tom kontekstu, jedan od najvećih problema i izazova je činjenica da je Hrvatska zadnja država koja je postala članica EU te istovremeno i jedina koja koristi fondove regionalne politike EU samo jednu proračunsku perspektivu. Stoga je i dodatni izazov prikupiti dostatne empirijske i ekonometrijske spoznaje o funkcioniranju sustava upravljanja fondovima regionalne politike u odabranim državama EU, a da bi zaključci bili primjenjivi na Hrvatsku. Posebna pozornost posvećena je prikazu sustava upravljanja fondovima regionalne politike EU u državama sličnih usporednih karakteristika kao i Hrvatska, putem empirijskih spoznaja i zakonitosti, suvremenih pristupa i teorija koje pridonose rješavanju aktualnih, kompleksnih, teorijskih i praktičnih problema, a koji do sada nisu dovoljno istraženi niti prisutni u nacionalnom istraživačkom području. Rezultati organizacijske analize te analize učinkovitosti sustava upravljanja fondovima EU u odabranim državama u fokusu je istraživanja provedenog u okviru ove doktorske disertacije. Znanstveno istraživanje temelj je za davanje smjernica pri definiranju optimalnog modela sustava upravljanja fondovima regionalne politike EU u Hrvatskoj koji, do trenutka izrade doktorske disertacije, zbog svoje nedovoljne učinkovitosti, kompleksnosti sustava donošenja odluka i svojevrsne "isprepletenosti" institucija u procesu pripreme i implementacije, negativno utječe na maksimiziranje iskorištavanja sredstava fondova regionalne politike EU. Kako bi se iz postojećih sustava upravljanja odabranih država EU empirijski mogli utvrditi ključni institucionalni čimbenici apsorpcije fondova EU, uzimaju se u obzir postojeći sustavi upravljanja. Znanstvenim istraživanjem i komparativnom analizom sustava upravljanja fondovima regionalne politike EU u devet država središnje i istočne Europe te iskustvima funkcioniranja hrvatskog sustava, nastoji se formulirati optimalni okvir nacionalnog sustava upravljanja fondovima regionalne politike EU koji bi mogao omogućiti donošenje kvalitetnijih strateških odluka izvršnoj vlasti kako bi se isti, u što je moguće većoj mjeri, odrazio na gospodarski rast putem učinkovitosti korištenja sredstava fondova regionalne politike EU. Rezultati provedene ekonometrijske analize doprinose zaključcima koji potvrđuju da su primljene bespovratne pomoći EU dovele do povećanja gospodarskog razvoja država EU. Međutim, sama alokacija sredstava pomoći nije nužno dovela do povećanja kvalitete institucionalnog okvira te konkurentnosti analiziranih zemalja. Stoga se potvrđuje važnost uspostavljanja institucionalnog okvira upravljanja fondovima EU koji, ne samo da će dovesti do povećanja apsorpcije fondova EU, nego će unaprijediti opću djelotvornost javnog sektora te konkurentnost države. Stoga je, temeljem sustavnog i sveobuhvatnog znanstvenog istraživanja u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji, predložen i argumentiran model institucionalnog sustava za upravljanje i provedbu instrumenata (fondova) regionalne politike EU u Hrvatskoj, a primjenjiv je u kratkom i dugom roku. ; The national system of management and implementation of the European Union (hereinafter: EU) cohesion (hereinafter: regional) policy, its manner of functioning, its adjustment and, consequently, the effectiveness of this system, has a decisive influence on the dynamics and expediency of drawing from EU regional policy funds. Considering the relevance of this topic due to the end of the European budgetary period 2014-2020, and the perspective of the new budgetary period (2021-2027), this doctoral thesis rises above the time limits of budget periods because it analyses the use of EU regional policy funds in the context of scientific contribution to a draft model of the institutional framework for managing EU regional policy instruments (funds) in Croatia. In this context, one of the biggest problems and challenges is the fact that Croatia was the last to become an EU member country and at the same time the only one that uses EU regional policy funds for only one budgetary period. Therefore, it is an additional challenge to gather enough empirical and econometric knowledge about the functioning of the EU regional policy funds management system in selected EU countries, for the conclusions to apply to Croatia. Special attention was paid to the presentation of the EU regional policy funds management systems in countries with similar characteristics comparative to Croatia, through empirical knowledge and laws, modern approaches and theories that contribute to solving current, complex, theoretical and practical problems, which have not been sufficiently researched or present in the national research area. The results of the organizational and efficiency analyses of the EU funds management system in selected countries are the focus of the research conducted within this doctoral thesis. Scientific research served as the basis for providing guidelines for defining the optimal model of the EU regional policy funds management system in Croatia, which, by the time of this analysis, due to its low efficiency, the complexity of the decision-making system and a kind of "intertwining" of institutions in the process of preparation and implementation, has failed to maximize the utilization of EU regional policy funds. To be able to empirically determine the key institutional factors for the EU funds absorption from the existing management systems of selected EU countries, the existing management systems are considered. Through scientific research and comparative analysis of the EU regional funds management system in nine Central and Eastern European countries, along with the experiences of the Croatian system, this paper aims to determine an optimal framework for a national EU regional policy fund management system that would enable the executive power to adopt better strategic decisions. The abovementioned framework should, to the greatest extent possible, stimulate economic growth through the efficient use of EU regional policy funds. The results of the conducted econometric analysis contribute to the conclusions confirming that the received EU grants have led to an increase in the economic development of EU countries. However, the allocation of funds alone did not necessarily lead to an increase in the quality of the institutional environment and the competitiveness of the countries analysed. Furthermore, it is confirmed that an institutional framework for the management of EU funds should be established, which will not only increase the absorption of EU funds but will also improve the overall efficiency of the public sector and the competitiveness of the state. Therefore, this doctoral thesis, based on systematic and comprehensive scientific research, proposes and asserts a model of an institutional system for management and implementation of instruments (funds) of EU regional policy in Croatia that is applicable in the short and long term.