Suchergebnisse

This paper reports on an ethnographic multiple case study in Greece. It explores teachers' practices regarding the education of critically thinking citizens ten years into the implementation of an integrated curriculum reform. By means of classroom observations and semi-structured interviews this research explored the role of critical thinking in the classrooms. Findings suggest that teachers refrain from practices that advance critical thinking skills and pupils' empowerment. Instead they tend to implement traditional practices, while their work is largely determined by the standards of achievement set by University Entrance Exams and parents' aspirations. The paper concludes that prevailing expectations in the Greek primary school interfere with the development of pedagogical relationships that would promote critical thinking obstructing the attainment of the aims of the integrated curriculum reform and compromising the project for democratic citizenship. ; Este artigo relata um estudo etnográfico de caso múltiplo na Grécia. Examina as práticas docentes relacionadas à educação de cidadãos com pensamento crítico dez anos após a implementação de uma reforma integrada do currículo. Por meio de observações em sala de aula e entrevistas semiestruturadas, esta pesquisa examinou o papel do pensamento crítico nas salas de aula. Os achados sugerem que os professores evitam as práticas que promovem habilidades em pensamento crítico e o empoderamento dos estudantes. Ao contrário, tendem a implementar práticas tradicionais, sendo seu trabalho determinado, em grande parte, pelos padrões de aproveitamento definidos pelo vestibular e pelas aspirações dos pais. O artigo conclui que as expectativas prevalentes no ensino fundamental grego interferem no desenvolvimento de relações pedagógicas que promoveriam o pensamento crítico, obstruindo o alcance dos objetivos da reforma integrada do currículo e comprometendo o projeto para a cidadania democrática.

Since 2009, with the eruption of the Greek part of the crisis, and until the European Council in December 2011, the crisis has known three different moments. The first concerns the "Greece as an isolated case", the second is related with the possible contagion to Ireland and Portugal, and the third one refers to the short term crisis management and the concomitant need to adopt structural solutions for the future. Adapted from the source document.

Brings together 15 historians who write about nationalism at different times throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Angola, Portugal, Germany, Argentina, China, Spain, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Palestine, Russia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States

Relying on data from the Eurobarometer and the INTUNE project, the present paper studies the effects of the 2008 economic crisis on the support to the European Union, both among citizens and their representatives, in Greece, Portugal and Spain, and comparatively, in the remaining EU countries (EU27 or EU17). The paper discloses the fact that the financial crisis entailed a significant decrease in the confidence levels of the citizens towards the EU, although this effect is not immediate. After controlling for a variety of explanations, it has been made plain that the effect of the economic crisis between 2007 and 2009 is visible only among the political elites and only as regards their level of attachment to the EU. Adapted from the source document.

"This book is an exploration of Western thought that emerged from the fringes of the great philosophical schools. In particular, it analyzes various cultural phenomena or studies the work of certain authors essential to understand European culture in its entirety since classical Greece. This is the context for investigating the presence of rites, myths, witches and religious ideas in Europe due to philosophical systems, but also thoughts born on the fringes of the majority philosophical currents. All this is explained in three parts: the first, centered on the ancient world; the second, Christianity; the third, in Europe until the 17th century"--

Marx's engagement in philosophy has from the outset attempted a more objective development of humanism insofar as it only enters into such discipline in pursuit of a rationality whose development is not cut off from the concrete transformation of the world. Such is his impression of philosophy under the Hegelian dialectic: only philosophical reason would perceive itself as an undisputed form of reality, being able to realize the humanism that in Law is given as a pure idealism. In the Preparatory Notes for his doctoral thesis entitled Difference between the Philosophies of Democritus and Epicurus (DFDE) Marx developed a philosophy of history alternative to that of Hegel, indicating that democracy did not suffer decline in Greece due to the development of philosophical reason, but because of the victory of a philosophical reason that had undergone a change to theology.

Population projections significance is recognized all around the world, being used by different governments with the intention to suppress the necessity of having more information about the diverse demographic issues, and Portugal is not an exception. Additionally, the fact that Southern Europe is in economic crisis and that Portugal was the second country from the south, after Greece, in economic collapse, resulted in a strong impact not only in the family context, but also its sustainability itself. Trying to answer questions like: Will be the country economically sustainable in the future? Is Portugal going to decline total population?, or, How these changes will influence the households structures in the future?, we intend to elaborate a cohort component projection, for a medium term period (next 20 years), that will allow us to identify the Portuguese population structure in the future and, at the same time, evaluate the possible changes that the country will have to face.

The present text has as objective not only to define the concepts of "moral", "ethics" and "aesthetics of existence", in the periods studied by Michel Foucault, but also to capture their significant differences, in view of the orientation towards the possibility of an ethical-political in and of the present time. Such arche-genealogical studies of Classical Greece (4th century BC), of the Greco-Roman period (1st and 2nd century AD) and of Christianity (3rd and 4th centuries AD), show that these concepts maintain their mark, by the use of techniques aimed at achieving temperance and an increasing and detailed care of itself. The stylization of life gained forms of the most varied in this historical process, based on practices that sometimes approached the moral attitude of the ethical attitude. This flexibility of the uses of concepts, consequently of historical and cultural practices, brings in Foucault the opening of thought in the search for a political attitude towards acts, thoughts and freedom.