Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Contents -- Introduction -- The Context -- Sustainable Growth: The Chinese Context -- Rebalancing in Guangdong -- Policy Implications and Future Research -- References -- Managing Risks: Chinese Perspectives Within an International Norm -- 1 Rebalancing, Taxation and Governance: Fiscal Policies for Sustainable Growth -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Governance and Structural Change in Context -- 1.2.1 Historical Antecedents -- 1.2.2 The Responsibility System -- 1.2.3 Structural and Tax Reforms Since 1993/4 -- 1.2.4 Effects of the Measures Adopted -- 1.3 Tax Reforms for Structural Change -- 1.3.1 Improving Competitiveness and Accountability: VAT for Business Tax -- 1.3.2 Addressing Inequality: More Effective Use of the PIT and a Local "Piggy-Back" -- 1.3.3 Congestion and Environmental Damage and a Carbon Tax -- 1.3.4 Municipal/Community Charges for Local Benefits -- 1.4 Governance Changes -- 1.4.1 Budget Institutions and Governance -- 1.4.2 Number of Levels of Government -- 1.4.3 Managing Sub-National Risks and Liabilities -- 1.4.4 Next Stage of Governance and Fiscal Reforms for Sustainable Growth -- 1.4.4.1 Fiscal Institutions and Governance with Modern Instruments -- 1.4.4.2 Financing Productive Subnational Investments and Management of Liabilities -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Land Use Reforms: Towards Sustainable Development in China -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Evolution of China's Land System and Land Finance -- 2.2.1 The First Stage of the LURS (1979-1990) -- 2.2.1.1 The Pilot Reform of the LURS in Shenzhen and Shanghai -- 2.2.1.2 A Nationwide Implementation of the LURS -- 2.2.2 The Second Stage of the LURS (1991-2002) -- 2.2.2.1 The Structure of China's Land Market and the Role of Different Actors -- 2.2.2.2 The New Developments in the Land Market

The Guangdong province is the forerunner of China's economic reform, it has developed rapidly in the last twenty years since opening up its economy to the outside world. This book covers the evolution of economic reform in Guangdong, its links to Hong Kong and other parts of China, and developmental strategies in different parts of Guangdong. The book analyses the many factors that have contributed to economic reform and covers topics such as development of land, human resources, the agricultural sector and industrialisation, and reforms of state-owned enterprises and township and village enterprises. Consisting of eleven essays written by government officials and executives from the Guangdong province of China, this book offers a unique insight into the economic development in Guangdong.

Taiwan has been depicted as an island facing the incessant threat of forcible unification with the People's Republic of China. Why, then, has Taiwan spent more than three decades pouring capital and talent into China? In award-winning Rival Partners , Wu Jieh-min follows the development of Taiwanese enterprises in China over twenty-five years and provides fresh insights. The geopolitical shift in Asia beginning in the 1970s and the global restructuring of value chains since the 1980s created strong incentives for Taiwanese entrepreneurs to rush into China despite high political risks and insecure property rights. Taiwanese investment, in conjunction with Hong Kong capital, laid the foundation for the world's factory to flourish in the southern province of Guangdong, but official Chinese narratives play down Taiwan's vital contribution. It is hard to imagine the Guangdong model without Taiwanese investment, and, without the Guangdong model, China's rise could not have occurred. Going beyond the received wisdom of the "China miracle" and "Taiwan factor," Wu delineates how Taiwanese business people, with the cooperation of local officials, ushered global capitalism into China. By partnering with its political archrival, Taiwan has benefited enormously, while helping to cultivate an economic superpower that increasingly exerts its influence around the world

"Located on the southern coast of China, Guangdong is the country's most populous and rich province. It has 95.4 million inhabitants and provides one-eighth of the national GDP. A key development feature of Guangdong has been "processing trade", which has allowed companies to profit from importing materials, assembling goods and exporting them via Hong Kong, China. The recent economic crisis has had a strong impact on the province, although Guangdong also faces in-depth structural problems. Growing labour costs and strain on land availability have increasingly challenged the province's traditional model of development, as have new competitors in China and abroad. Meanwhile, regional disparities within the province have increased, with a high concentration of economic activities and foreign direct investment in the Pearl River Delta area, an agglomeration of nine prefectures of 47.7 million inhabitants that represents 79.4% of the province's total GDP. This review assesses Guangdong's current approach to economic development. The province is focusing on industrial policies primarily aimed at heavy manufacturing industries (e.g.automobile, shipbuilding, petrochemicals) and supported by investment in hard infrastructure transport projects and energy supply, along with the implementation of the "Double Relocation" policies intended to move lower value-added factories to lagging regions through incentive mechanisms like industrial parks. The review discusses how some principles of the OECD regional paradigm could help Guangdong. It also addresses the huge environmental challenges that the province is facing and explores the opportunity for developing a green growth strategy. Strategies to improve Guangdong's governance are analysed as well, with particular attention paid to co-ordination issues within the Pearl River Delta.The Territorial Review of Guangdong is integrated into a series of thematic reviews on regions undertaken by the OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee. The overall aim of these case studies is to draw and disseminate horizontal policy recommendations for regional and national governments."

This book collects high-quality papers on issues related to the rebalancing strategy in China, new clean cities as ?hubs??, liability management, and involving the private sector, including through PPPs, with specific examples from Guangdong. ǵangdong has been at the forefront of economic reforms in China since the advent of the Responsibility System in the late 1970s, and its successes and challenges reflect those of China as a whole. The need for rebalancing towards a more inclusive and sustainable path is also critical in Guangdong, just as it is in China. Strengthening the fiscal underpinnings and the next stages of tax reforms are critical drivers to accomplishing the requisite structural changes.

submitted by Li Jiehui. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-126). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Acknowledgements --- p.v ; Abstract --- p.vi ; Abbreviations --- p.viii ; Tables and figures --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- The research question --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The research method --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- The legal and political scales --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- The adaptation of Page's method in China --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- The utilities of the two scales --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3 --- The research plan --- p.8 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Central-local relations in China: an overview --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Major reforms in central-local relations --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Provinces under the economic cycle --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.3 --- The case of Guangdong --- p.14 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Legal assessment I: China --- p.16 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The general legal framework --- p.17 ; Chapter 3.1.1 --- Omni-competence --- p.17 ; Chapter 3.1.2 --- Dual subordination --- p.18 ; Chapter 3.1.3 --- The role of the Party --- p.20 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Legal documents and opportunities --- p.21 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- National laws --- p.21 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Administrative regulations --- p.22 ; Chapter 3.2.3 --- Government/Party documents --- p.24 ; Chapter 3.2.4 --- Local legislation --- p.27 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Assessing legal localism --- p.28 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Legal assessment II: Guangdong --- p.30 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Build up a legal framework: 1979-1988 --- p.31 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Recession: 1989-1990 --- p.34 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Legislation of interests: 1991 -now --- p.34 ; Chapter 4.3.1 --- The case of the regulation for property registration --- p.37 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Development of other provinces: a comparison --- p.40 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Major findings --- p.43 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Political assessment I: China --- p.44 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Page's methodology --- p.44 ; Chapter 5.2 --- The ...

Since China's economic reform and opening up to the outside world, foreign investment has become the major dynamo of regional development in China. Under the polarized development strategy in the 1980s and 1990s, foreign investment has been highly concentrated in the coastal regions and the uneven distribution of foreign investment may be partly responsible for the significant regional disparity at the inter-provincial or even intra-provincial level within the country. Since the early 2000s, with China's integration into the global economy and the dynamic economic restructuring in the coastal regions, foreign investment has been undergoing redistribution with the country. Based on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study examines the spatio-temporal pattern and dynamics of foreign investment from different sources within a full coverage of time periods from China's opening up to recent years (1980-2006) at the intra-provincial level in Guangdong. This study demonstrates that the spatio-temporal pattern of foreign investment in Guangdong has transformed from having Shenzhen as its single growth pole in the early stage to having Shenzhen and Guangzhou as bi-growth poles in the later stages and foreign investment has widely diffused via the transportation lines from the growth poles to the peripheral regions within or out of the province. The emergence of Shenzhen instead of Guangzhou as the initial growth pole enriches traditional theories and empirical experiences of having the historic economic and industrial centre as the growth pole in the early stage of take-off of a region. Moreover, this study examines the theoretical base and effectiveness of the growth pole strategy and argues that it can be a means of transferring economic growth to new regions instead of reinforcing the cumulative effects of polarized development. Most failure of the growth pole strategy is due to the procedure of the implementation instead of the theoretical base of the strategy. To explain the initial and ongoing diffusion of foreign investment in Guangdong, this study proposes a multi-level analytical framework, which includes the push and pull factors of home and host regions at the local level, the role of government at the regional level, the structure of global production network at the global level, and the characteristics of foreign investment form different sources at the firm level. Specifically, four distinctive diffusion models of foreign investment are identified, i.e. the "cost-and-government-driven" model of Hong Kong firms, the "supply-chain-driven" model of Taiwan firms, the "market-and-group-driven" model of Japan firms, and the "market-and-institution-driven" model of US firms. This study suggests that the local push and pull factors are far from enough in interpreting such dynamic and various patterns of the diffusion of foreign investment, which should be put into a multi-level context including the local, regional, global and firm level factors and considerations. In-depth knowledge of the spatio-temporal pattern and dynamics of foreign investment from different sources is considered as the prerequisite to improve the efficiency of government development policies. ; published_or_final_version ; Urban Planning and Design ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

Focusing especially on Guangdong province as a case study to illustrate both the macro-level trends and the micro-level reality, this book explores the formation, development and characteristics of modern China's finance. The chronological range of this book is mainly from the late Qing period to the early Republican Era ending in 1937, when the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. After the concept of modern finance was introduced to China for the first time in the late Qing period, the efforts to build modern finance continued in the Republican Era both nationally and locally.

Since the late 1990s, local governments in China have been relying heavily on land, which is a state-owned asset in urban area, to generate a significant amount of extra-budgetary revenue. Whilst this striking phenomenon has attracted numerous academic attentions, not many literatures shed the light on the process of central-local interactions. Adopting the procedural approach, this study examines the central-local fiscal and policy relations in the context of land finance. Taking the evidence from Guangdong province, this study understands the central-local relations as a process of policy interactions. After the central's attempt to recentralize the fiscal resources of local governments in the mid-1990s, localities have been facing fiscal stress, which led them to rely heavily on land conveyance income, an extra-budgetary revenue in order to complement the fiscal shortage in budgetary account. However, a series of socioeconomic consequences of local fervent land development have attracted frequent central interventions. The most noticeable example is the housing macro-regulations introduced in light of the soaring housing prices. The example of the housing macro-regulations rejected the classic centrist model of the central-local relations in China, which implies a zero-sum game. On the contrary, in face of an issue influencing the conflicting core interests of both actors, both the powers of central and local governments were intensified to the extent that no one single actor will totally win over another. The powers of the central and local governments were also mutually transformed in the course of the game. It is argued that local governments display a sense of resistance against the central interventions as they have strong interests in land and real estate industry after tax sharing reform. On the other hand, it is unlikely for the central government to give concession to local governments as the failure to alleviate the consequences of land finance may cause public discontent and even political crises. The possible outcome is either a "win-win" situation or loss for both actors. To avoid a negative-sum outcome, collaboration and compromise are recommended. The centre is urged to address the root problem of misalignment of revenue and expenditure and to institutionalize the relationship between the centre and subnational governments. ; published_or_final_version ; China Development Studies ; Master ; Master of Arts in China Development Studies

Introduction -- Comparison between the economies of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area and other bay areas of the world -- Strengths and weaknesses of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area -- Economic spatial structure of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area -- Developing Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into China's economic growth pole -- Economic radiating effects of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China effects of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area -- Strategic positioning of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.