Suchergebnisse

Catch bulletins provide records of the amounts and values of various living marine resources taken by California's commercial fisheries, and summarize the catches made by the partyboat sportfishing industry. They also detail the small quantities of freshwater fish taken commercially in inland areas. These data provide the basic background for managing California's commercial fishery resources. The published figures are of national and international significance, and are used by fisheries scientists, legislators, educators, members of the fishing industry, and others interested in the State's fisheries. This report for 1966 is the 26th in the series of catch bulletins. The first, published in 1929, contained the records of the 1926 and 1927 commercial fish catches. California's fishery statistics are based on a system whereby fish dealers, processors, and partyboat operators send duplicate copies of their landing records to the Department. The statistical system and methods used to collect the records were fully described in Fish Bulletin 86, which reported the catch for 1950. In the intervening years, methods and equipment have been modified as conditions warranted, but the basic principles have remained unchanged. ======================================= On 1 January 1968, Mexico implements the provisions of its law establishing an exclusive fishery zone 12 nautical miles in breadth. A transitory provision of this law states that: ""The Federal Executive shall establish the conditions and terms under which nationals of countries that have traditionally exploited the living resources of the sea within the zone of three nautical miles beyond the territorial sea may be authorized to continue their activities, for a period that shall not exceed five years counted from January 1, 1968. Nationals of such countries may continue the said activities without any special conditions during the year 1967."" During May 1967, representatives of the United States and Mexico met in Washington, D. C. to discuss in an informal and exploratory manner the situation brought about by this law. No conclusions were reached at the Washington meeting, but the Mexican delegation indicated their government would look favorably on a continuation of the fishery under permit (via la pesca) in the Pacific Coast territorial waters of Mexico, and would allow fishing at the "traditional" rate in the adjacent exclusive fishery zone, at least for the 5-year period. Mexico's action in adopting a 12-mile zone is of especial interest to Californians because of its potential impact on three groups (tuna fishermen, market fishermen, and sport fishermen) whose representatives have fished under permit for many years in Mexico's territorial waters, particularly off Baja California. The Mexican delegation expressed an interest in obtaining detailed information on U. S. fishing activities south of the boundary, with special emphasis on the quantities by species taken less than 9, from 9 to 12, and more than 12 nautical miles from the Mexican coast. This paper, pursuant to the Mexican request, records the information about the California-based albacore and bluefin tuna fisheries, market fisheries, and recreational fisheries off the west coast of Mexico. We are not including data for the tropical tunas because the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission has the most detailed records on these species. The basic documents for this compilation are the fish receipts made out at the time commercial fishermen unload at a California port, and the catch records completed by the operators of the "partyboats": vessels that carry sportsfishermen for hire. The catch locality reporting system is not ideal for the problem at hand, because the smallest statistical reporting unit is 10 minutes latitude by 10 minutes longitude and a given unit may fall partly within and partly outside either a 9- or a 12-mile band along the coast. Nevertheless, these records coupled with fishermen interviews, detailed log books maintained particularly by tuna fishermen, and the staff's knowledge of fishing grounds made reasonably accurate allocations possible. We have used the period 1961–1965 as a base except for the commercial albacore fishery for which data were available for 1951–1963. In summary, (1) the quantity of albacore caught within 12 miles of Mexico each year is relatively negligible (an average of about 110 tons/year), (2) the tonnage of bluefin taken is variable but significant, worth some $200,000 per year to the fishermen, (3) the amount of market fish approaches 2 million pounds annually worth nearly $350,000 to the fishermen, and (4) the amount of sportfishing is extremely important but difficult to measure in terms of economic benefit to the State (17,500 partyboat anglers in 1965 paid over $250,000 in fees to the boat operators alone). Most of these fisheries are prosecuted within a few miles of shore, and relatively little activity took place in the 9- to 12-mile zone during 1961–1965. The total value of the commercial landings to California's economy is about 3.2 times the price paid the fishermen; therefore, catches of bluefin and various market species made within 12 miles of the Mexican coast annually contribute about $1.75 million to our economy. These fisheries are thus of considerable importance to the State. They also comprise a sizeable source of revenue to the Mexican government and constitute a resource not harvested to any significant degree by Mexican nationals at the present time. All these fisheries have been prosecuted for decades by California-based fishermen. California's commercial records go back over 50 years, but U. S. boats were operating in Mexican waters long before the California statistical system was inaugurated in 1916. In fact Collins (1892), in his report on a survey made in 1888, remarks that the San Diego fishing grounds for bonito and barracuda extended "to a long distance southward, off Mexico." Coleman (1923) states ". . . the year 1907 marks the period when this fishing (off Baja California) became a general practice." By 1920, boats carrying ice operated as far south as Cedros Island and at times as far as Magdalena Bay, seeking then as now halibut, barracuda, white seabass, rockfish, and tuna. The sport fishery is not as old, but official state records extend back to 1936, about the time that partyboats began fishing at the Coronado Islands. The sections which follow give detailed accounts of the fisheries in question, and summarize the fee system currently imposed by Mexico on U. S. fishermen who wish to fish in the territorial waters of Mexico.

IntroductionHilary N. WeaverPart 1: From the past to the future1. Ireland, first colony of the British Empire: A Celtic story of Indigenous resistance, resilience, and cultural renewalSuzanne Jenkins2. Resistance, resilience, and social welfare: Understanding the historical intersections of US Federal Indian policies and the helping professions Heather Gough and Cutcha Risling Baldy3. Indigeneity and resilience in Afroindigenous communities in Colombia Stephen Nathan Haymes4. The eagle, the condor, and who I am among all my relations Angela R. FernandezPart 2: Pillars of Indigeneity 5. Indigenous Māori notions of spirit and spirituality as enablers of resilience and flourishing in Aotearoa New Zealand Natasha Tassell-Matamua, Nicole Lindsay, Te Rā Moriarty and Deanna Haami6. RI QACH'AB'ÄL JA RI RUK'UX RI QAWINAQ, CHAQA' RI QAWINAQ JA RI RUK'UX RI QACH'AB'ÄL Linguistic resilience in GuatemalaIngrid Sub Cuc7. Exploring the role of sexuality and identity across the Pacific: Navigating traditional and contemporary meanings and practices Jioji Ravulo8. Pashtun community Indigenous resilience to changing socio-cultural and political challenges Zafar Khan and Zahid Ali Shah9. Moko kauae: A symbol of Indigenous resistance and resilience.Kelli Te Maihāroa10. Reclaiming our voices: The power of storytelling in healing trauma Hilary N. WeaverPart 3: The Power in Indigenous Identities 11. Family connectedness: An intricate web of support and aspect of Indigenous family resilience Catherine E. McKinley & Jenn Lilly12. Community and family support enhancing the resilience of US Indigenous women's healthcare experiences: "They always took care of me" Jessica L. Liddell & Catherine E. McKinley13. Collective distress calls for collective wellbeing measures: The case of social support as resilience-enabling Afrocentric Indigenous pathway Liesel Ebersöhn, Funke Omidire, and Ruth Mampane14. The role of laughter in the resilience and wellbeing of Alaska Native Elders Jordan P. Lewis15. "In the telling and in the listening, humanity meets": Youth testimonials of resilience from yesterday and today Kishan Lara-Cooper, Everett Colegrove III, Tescha Gensaw, Charlene Juan, and Gabel Ammon16. The time before us: Land, matriarchy, and leadership in the face of change Kapi`olani A. LaronalPart 4: The Natural World 17. Sámi reindeer herding as resilient way of lifeJan Erik Henriksen and Ida Hydle18. Reconnecting with the farmland: Exploring Indigenous resilience of Atayal people in TaiwanChao-Kai Huang19. Earthquakes of Nepal: Making the case for Indigenous resilienceBala Raju Nikku, Bishwash Nepali & Hemnath Khatiwada20. Kū kiaʻi aloha: How Maunakea and the battle to protect her birthed a decolonial pilina in an emerging generation of aloha ʻāinaJamaica Heolimeleikalani Osorio21. Leading through collective resilience: Creating an Indigenous mental health response to climate changeKee J.E. Straits, Julii Green, Devon S. Isaacs, Melissa Tehee & Margaret SmithPart 5: Reframing the Narrative: From Problem to Opportunity22. Reframing disabilities: Indigenous learners in Canadian educational systems. John Terry Ward23. Igniting the warrior spirit to address historical trauma among Indigenous peopleTasha Seneca Keyes & Kenneth G. White, Jr.24. The resiliency of Indigenous entrepreneurial settings in the South Pacific: Notions of solesolevaki and wanbel, the case of Fiji and Papua New GuineaHennah Steven & Suliasi Vunibola25. Indy and the monster: A story of Indigenous resilience during a global pandemic Hilary N. WeaverConclusionHilary N. Weaver

Introduction The Common Law -- 1. The Unity of law - or the dangers of over-specialisation (2013) [Society of Legal Scholars Centenary lecture at the University of Birmingham] -- 2. Law as a system of values (2013) [Jan Grodecki lecture at the University of Leicester] -- 3. First impressions of a new Court of Appeal judge (2018) [talk at Trinity College, Oxford] -- 4. Keynote speech to the Criminal Bar Association (2017) -- 5. Common law, common heritage? (2018) [Talk to Waynesburg Law School summer conference at Jesus College, Cambridge] -- 6. Antigone's law (2019) [talk to Lawyers for Classics] Public law -- 7. Judicial review and the rule of law (2017) [South West Administrative Law Association annual lecture] -- 8. Divided by a common language: constitutional law in the UK and the US (2017) * [Sir David Williams lecture at the University of Cambridge] Published in [2018] Judicial Review -- 9. Interpreting Bills of Rights (2007) [Statute Law Review annual lecture] * Published in [2007] Statute Law Review -- 10. Tribute to memory of Lord Steyn (2017) * published in [2018] Judicial Review Human Rights -- 11. The development of human rights thought from Magna Carta to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (2015) * [lecture at conference on Magna Carta] Published in book edited by Robin Griffith-Jones and Mark Hill. -- 12. The moral force of the United Kingdom's Human Rights Act (2011) [lecture at Victoria University, Wellington]* Published in [2013] New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law -- 13. The place of the Human Rights Act in a democratic society (2000) * Published in a book edited by Jonathan Cooper -- 14. What is a democratic society? (2018) * [Chevrette-Marx lecture at the University of Montreal] Published by the University of Montreal in a freestanding pamphlet Equality -- 15. Equality: The Neglected Virtue (2003) [Administrative Law Bar Association annual lecture]* Published in [2004] European Human Rights Law Review -- 16. Racial Equality and the Law (2018) * [Sir Mota Singh memorial lecture at Lincoln's Inn] Published in [2019] European Human Rights Law Review -- 17. Religion and the law (2008) * Published in JUSTICE journal [2008] Issue 1, p.33 Privacy and national security -- 18. Privacy and Personal Autonomy (2000) * [essay published in collection, Common Law, Common Values, Common Rights by American Bar Association] -- 19. Privacy and the Media after the Human Rights Act (1998) * Published in [1998] European Human Rights Law Review -- 20. Holding the balance: National Security, Civil Liberties and the Role of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (2019) [Kay Everett memorial lecture at the School of Oriental and African Studies] -- 21. Fairness and national security (2020) [John Foster and Miriam Rothschild lecture] International law -- 22. The Use of International Law in the domestic courts of the United Kingdom (2005) [The McDermott lecture] * published in [2005] Northern Ireland Law Quarterly 23. "We have it in our power to begin the world over again": the contribution of Lauterpacht and Jackson to the post-war legal order [lecture to University of Bristol, 30 March 2021] -- Epilogue The Nature of the Judicial Process 100 years on

Abstract
Background
The volume of health-related publications on Syria has increased considerably over the course of the conflict compared with the pre-war period. This increase is largely attributed to commentaries, news reports and editorials rather than research publications. This paper seeks to characterise the conflict-related population and humanitarian health and health systems research focused inside Syria and published over the course of the Syrian conflict.

Methods
As part of a broader scoping review covering English, Arabic and French literature on health and Syria published from 01 January 2011 to 31 December 2019 and indexed in seven citation databases (PubMed, Medline (OVID), CINAHL Complete, Global Health, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus), we analyzed conflict-related research papers focused on health issues inside Syria and on Syrians or residents of Syria. We classified research articles based on the major thematic areas studied. We abstracted bibliometric information, study characteristics, research focus, funding statements and key limitations and challenges of conducting research as described by the study authors. To gain additional insights, we examined, separately, non-research publications reporting field and operational activities as well as personal reflections and narrative accounts of first-hand experiences inside Syria.

Results
Of 2073 papers identified in the scoping review, 710 (34%) exclusively focus on health issues of Syrians or residents inside Syria, of which 350 (49%) are conflict-related, including 89 (25%) research papers. Annual volume of research increased over time, from one publication in 2013 to 26 publications in 2018 and 29 in 2019. Damascus was the most frequently studied governorate (n = 33), followed by Aleppo (n = 25). Papers used a wide range of research methodologies, predominantly quantitative (n = 68). The country of institutional affiliation(s) of first and last authors are predominantly Syria (n = 30, 21 respectively), the United States (n = 25, 19 respectively) or the United Kingdom (n = 12, 10 respectively). The majority of authors had academic institutional affiliations. The most frequently examined themes were health status, the health system and humanitarian assistance, response or needs (n = 38, 34, 26 respectively). Authors described a range of contextual, methodological and administrative challenges in conducting research on health inside Syria. Thirty-one publications presented field and operational activities and eight publications were reflections or first-hand personal accounts of experiences inside Syria.

Conclusions
Despite a growing volume of research publications examining population and humanitarian health and health systems issues inside conflict-ravaged Syria, there are considerable geographic and thematic gaps, including limited research on several key pillars of the health system such as governance, financing and medical products; issues such as injury epidemiology and non-communicable disease burden; the situation in the north-east and south of Syria; and besieged areas and populations. Recognising the myriad of complexities of researching active conflict settings, it is essential that research in/on Syria continues, in order to build the evidence base, understand critical health issues, identify knowledge gaps and inform the research agenda to address the needs of the people of Syria following a decade of conflict.

Purpose
This paper aims to explain how peace research has influenced a re-conceptualization of the international relations (IR) notion of security and conflict, the nature of the global arena, how to effectively negotiate conflict resolution and strategies for peacebuilding. The paper argues that – although peace research had contributed to reducing the threat of interstate conflict – IR scholars have failed to recognize the need for a more inclusive theoretical strategy for dealing with the new challenge imposed by intrastate conflict.


Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses Cyprus as a case to compare the conflict management strategies of the liberal peace agenda and the integrative, multi-level, multi-dimensional approach to peacebuilding that is proposed by peace research. The Cyprus case is also used as an example of how the alternative approach to participatory political communication has moved the Cyprus situation off deadlock and in the direction of more promising outcomes.


Findings
The research reveals that although the liberal peace agenda (i.e. the state-centric and established diplomatic approach to conflict management) is effective in getting the two sides of the conflict to the negotiating table, it is inadequate in addressing the underlying cause of conflict; thus, in many instances, there is a reoccurrence of conflict and violence.


Research limitations/implications
The paper is limited in its ability to place peace research within the context of theoretical developments in the field of IR (e.g. this is even more-so true in regard to researching international politics). Although peace research has made enormous contributions in reducing the threat of interstate conflict (e.g. it is acknowledged that peace research contributed to ending the Cold War, thus bringing about new perspectives on how the global arena is defined, the nature of conflict and the role of communicative action in global relations), there has not been a corresponding development in the theory and practice of IR.


Practical implications
The paper explains how recent developments in communication theory and information communication technology have altered the nature of the global arena and the factors impacting global social movements. Thus, the paper indicates factors that are vital to cross-border interactions, cross-border social movements and alternative approaches to interstate social-political activities that deserve further research.


Social implications
The research analyzes the contribution to participatory political communication in conflict management, reconciliation and peacebuilding processes. The paper also highlights the role of alternative media as a component of the infrastructure for peace (e.g. in the Cyprus context, it provides a forum in which agents from an otherwise divided community can participate in establishing shared values and common objectives).


Originality/value
Cyprus represents one of the longest running conflicts and, in addition, one of the longest running peacekeeping missions of the UN. This paper explains how unique features of the peace research approach to peacebuilding contributes to producing more positive results in what has heretofore been a deadlock in the divided community of Cyprus. Thus, this paper provides an indication of how the lessons learned by peace researchers in the Cyprus micro context contribute to addressing macro-level IR challenges (e.g. north-south and east-west challenges that occur because of outlooks in the proverbial other).