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This study examines the influence of (1) the relationship between leadership commitment on the retribution receivable; (2) the relationship between supervison on the retribution receivable; (3) the relationship between human resources on the retribution receivables; (4) the relationship between regulation on the retribution receivables in south borneo government.Data collection resulted from thirty eight local government head of personal division retribution in south borneo province. Multiple Regression Analysis as the data analysis method.The results of study showed prove that human resources have a positive effect on the achievement of retribution receipts, while leadership commitment, supervision and the regulatory system have no effect on the achievement of retribution receipts. This means that the more quality the human resources in the SKPD, the higher the achievement of retribution receipts. For the SKPD, this means that SKPD must always improve the quality of human resources in the SKPD by providing education, training, as well as giving awards and clear and firm sanctions.

This paper explain the conspiracy and involvement boss mine (coal) in several provincial elections (regents and governors) in South Kalimantan. As is known, the political landscape of post Soeharto New Order government that gave birth to democracy and radical change in the institutions of power, namely from the centralized power-authoritarian system to a democratic system of government has spawned a democratic transition prolonged until today. In the midst of a prolonged transition to democracy at this time, the arena of democracy has been hijacked and the stage of political and economic power has been controlled by entrepreneurs or local and national capitalist power by doing pesekongkolan between candidates authorities or local authorities that one of them through the local election process. The businessmen are involved as a supplier of funds to the local authorities candidat candidate to win as a form of money politics and transactional politics. In some cases the local elections in South Kalimantan, such as the election of the regent and the governor, political practice as it was very clear and has already become a political culture that is structured and massive post-New Order government.

This paper explains the conspiracy and involvement boss mine (coal) in several provincial elections (regents and governors) in South Kalimantan. As is known, the political landscape of post Soeharto New Order government that gave birth to democracy and radical change in the institutions of power, namely from the centralized power-authoritarian system to a democratic system of government has spawned a democratic transition which was prolonged until today. In the midst of a prolonged transition to democracy at this time, the arena of democracy has been hijacked and the stage of political and economic power has been controlled by entrepreneurs or local and national capitalist power by doing pesekongkolan between candidates authorities or local authorities that one of them through the local election process. The businessmen are involved as a supplier of funds to the local authorities candidate to win as a form of money politics and transactional politics. In some cases the local elections in South Kalimantan, such as the election of the regent and the governor, political practice is utilized with clarity and has already become a political culture that is structured within massive post-New Order government. Therefore, democracy is being woken up in Indonesia after the New Order.

The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system ; The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system

Broadcasting Act No. 32/2002 has transformed Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) and Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) from a state-owned-body to public-broadcasting-service. This research aimed to investigate the impacts experienced by those two organizations concerning their philosophies, role, functions, and its implementation on operational levels. Utilizing case studies in West Java and South Sulawesi (Makasar), it is found that broadcasting dynamics in both area are highly dynamic. On the level of normative, both are consistent enough. But on the level of empirical implementation, there were still many obstacles. Although institutional structure relatively proportional, this research found that local autonomy spirit is rarelyBroadcasting Act No. 32/2002 has transformed Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) and Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) from a state-owned-body to public-broadcasting-service. This research aimed to investigate the impacts experienced by those two organizations concerning their philosophies, role, functions, and its implementation on operational levels. Utilizing case studies in West Java and South Sulawesi (Makasar), it is found that broadcasting dynamics in both area are highly dynamic. On the level of normative, both are consistent enough. But on the level of empirical implementation, there were still many obstacles. Although institutional structure relatively proportional, this research found that local autonomy spirit is rarely

In the implementarion of the simultaneously post election in 2018, the Election Commission of Republic Indonesian issued regulation No.5/2017 concerning compaign funds for the participants of the Governor an Deputy Governon, regent and Deputy Regent, and/or Mayor and deputy Mayor. This research is directed at the determinants of the compliance with the implementation of the Election Commission regulation, both by candidate pairs and by the political parties, whichs aims to find out what factors influence the implementaion of that KPU RI regulation. The assessment process is carried out objectively, systematically, rationally, which is supported by empirical facts in order to find the truth, for the the purpose of developing science, especially regional finance, which is related to compaign funds. The research technique was carried out with descriptive fenomenology, with the location of the study being the election commission located in 11 districts and 2 municipalities in South Kalimantan province. The descriptive fenomenology approach was used by researcher to explore the phnomenon because the participants wanted to know about it (as many as 10 key person as related informants) and the researchers acted as instrumentes in teh ddata collection process. The results of the study indicate that there are several things that have the potential to be determinants of the suitability of the implementation of The RI Election Commision regulation No.5/2017 are the electoral system and compaign finance management, the existence of a high-cost compaign process, the content of ele toral policies and the context of policy implementation (in relation of the level human resources competence, the availability of adewuate human resources, the power of actors in influencing the effectiveness for political elite).

This paper looks at how Indonesia contributes to the creation of a relatively peaceful and stable Southeast Asian region after the Cold War. It examines Jakarta's diplomacy in the South China Sea, and explains its implications for the making of the regional order. The argument is that Indonesia's impact on regional security has been apparent in its attention to the improvement of rule-based interaction among states in the region. However, recent developments have demonstrated that Indonesia's initiatives, formulated in the Indo-Pacific Cooperation Concept, are unsuccessful due to the lack of support from other ASEAN states. This paper shows that great powers politics in the troubled waters has hindered the advancement of Indonesian's orderdriven policy.

The occupation of the city of Marawi in the southern Philippines and a series of terrorist attacks in Indonesia which followed it demonstrate that terrorism is a persistent and enduring threat to Southeast Asian security, despite the governments' concerted efforts on countering terrorism since 9/11 and the Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005. Security specialists and defence officials in the region believe that ASEAN has to intensify its cooperation to address the challenge of terrorism through the use of military forces. This article, however, claims that the militarised counterterrorism has no institutional, normative and practical basis within ASEAN's main security structure, the APSC. This is followed by dual implications for the broader security agendas, affecting democratisation and sharpening mistrust among ASEAN states which challenges ASEAN centrality in regional security affairs.

The existing literature on Indonesia's foreign policy has excluded the state from the category of an agent which shapes the country's external affairs. This trend certainly ignores the notion that foreign policy is a unique state activity taking place in the interface between domestic and international politics. To fill the gap, this article explores the idea about the family state and looks at its influence on the conduct of Indonesia's international relations. The argument is that the family state pursues order in international society in which sovereignty can be maintained. Indonesia plays the role of an order-maker in Southeast Asia through the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The order-oriented actions are displayed by Jakarta's diplomacy to resolve border disputes with neighbouring countries in the region

Realism has been the dominant conceptual approach to studying Indonesian foreign policy. This article, however, considers realist analyses to be insucient since their emphasis on the struggle for power and security in the system of states has led to the neglect of the importance of perspectives which focus on order. To ll the gap it then intends to apply the English School perspective which focuses on the concept of international society to trace the nature and function of Indonesian foreign policy. Two cases are examined, including the Asian African Conference and Association of South East Asian Nations, to demonstrate the relevance of international society for policy ideas and action. The central argument is that the Indonesian elite worldview indicates that the creation and maintenance of order in international societies are ones which are prominent objectives legitimizing the conduct of Indonesia's external relations.

AbstractThis article argues that MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia) are middle, regional, and constructive powers that can serve as providers of global governance in the international system. It argues that in order for MIKTA countries to serve as middle, regional, and constructive powers, they need to consolidate the support of all relevant State and non-State actors in their countries, allowing MIKTA to become a relevant mechanism to promote and generate public goods in the international system, specially global governance. Mexico is the second largest economy in Latin America. Mexico is today an actor with global responsibility and obligatory reference. A country with that weight must play in new boards and MIKTA, constituting and innovative alliance with key non-traditional partners, is a strategic space to expand the scope of Mexican foreign policy. Keywords : MIKTA, middle powers, foreign policy, Mexico

Local Government expenditure is budgeting for all government needs and activities and managed under the authority of provinces, regencies, and municipalities through their respective regional heads. Well-targeted Local Government expenditure optimization has a significant impact on the regional economy. This research aims to determine poverty reduction in regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by examining the variable's impact of social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue on poverty. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from 15 regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province during the 2010-2018 periods. The analysis technique uses in this research were Poverty Mapping with Klassen Typology and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Using the Klassen typology for poverty mapping in South Sumatra Province obtained four regional classifications (quadrant) based on poverty and economic growth: quadrant I (developed and fast-growing region), quadrant II (developed but depressed region), quadrant III (developing region), and quadrant IV (less developed region). The Klassen typology classification results: quadrant I include Palembang City, quadrant II includes Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and Banyuasin Regency. Quadrant III includes Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Prabumulih City, and Lubuk Linggau City. Also, quadrant IV includes Lahat Regency, Musi Rawas Regency, Ogan Ilir Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency, Empat Lawang Regency, and Pagar Alam City. The t-test regression results showed that Social assistance expenditure and local revenue affect poverty reduction, while capital expenditure does not significantly affect poverty reduction. The F-test regression results showed that poverty reduction was affected simultaneously by social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue. Policies in social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure were not well-targeted. The policies expected to reduce poverty are to provide well-targeted social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure. ; Belanja Daerah adalah penganggaran untuk semua kebutuhan dan kegiatan pemerintahan dan dikelola di bawah kewenangan provinsi, kabupaten, dan kota melalui kepala daerahnya masing-masing. Optimalisasi Belanja Daerah yang tepat sasaran berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reduksi kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, dengan menguji pengaruh variabel Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap kemiskinan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari 15 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan selama periode 2010-2018. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemetaan Kemiskinan (Poverty Mapping) dengan Tipologi Klassen dan Regresi Linier Berganda. Dengan menggunakan Tipologi Klassen untuk pemetaan kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan diperoleh empat klasifikasi wilayah (kuadran) berdasarkan kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi: kuadran I (daerah maju dan bertumbuh cepat), kuadran II (daerah maju tetapi tertekan), kuadran III (daerah sedang bertumbuh), dan kuadran IV (daerah relatif tertinggal). Hasil klasifikasi Tipologi Klassen: kuadran I meliputi Kota Palembang, kuadran II meliputi Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, dan Kabupaten Banyuasin. Kuadran III meliputi Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Kota Prabumulih, dan Kota Lubuk Linggau. Sedangkan kuadran IV meliputi Kabupaten Lahat, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Kabupaten Empat Lawang, dan Kota Pagar Alam. Hasil regresi uji-t menunjukkan bahwa Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) berpengaruh terhadap reduksi kemiskinan, sedangkan Belanja Modal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap reduksi kemiskinan. Hasil regresi uji-F menunjukkan bahwa reduksi kemiskinan dipengaruhi secara simultan oleh Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Kebijakan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal kurang tepat sasaran. Kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat mereduksi kemiskinan adalah dengan memberikan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal yang tepat sasaran.

This research will further explore the practice of Good Financial Goverance (GFD), with case studies on the partnership process that took place between the city government of Makassar with PT.GMTD in managing the finances for the participation of local government capital. The research will focus on actor relationships taking place between actors involved in capital partnerships as a recipe offered by Good Financial Governance. The research used qualitative method with researcher location in Makassar South Sulawesi, Indonesia.The main argument of this study is to question the claims of Good Financial Governance, which relies on economic development issues and good financial governance by opening investment shells and the involvement of actors outside the government. For this study, the claim is completely wrong. The results of this study found that good financial governance actually gave birth to a new problem that is Exclusivity Actors. Exclusivity of actors as a consequence of the unequal amount of capital on actors involved in Good Financial Governance. Exclusion of Actors Governance impact on the limits of power between governance actors to be biased, depending on the composition of capital in partnership.Keyword : Exclusivity of Actor, Good Financial Governance, Capital Governance

Sugar industry in Indonesia has been experiencing rapid growth in local consumption, a decrease in domestic production, an increasingly growing import dependency, and a rise in the cost of energy use. This study explores the efficiency of energy use in the Indonesian sugar industry from 2010 to 2014 by applying the input distance function based on the trans-log model to all sugar mills across the country. The results revealed that substantial differences in energy efficiency exist across the provinces. The average energy efficiency is nearly 0.68, with the most efficient regions reaching nearly 0.77 and the lowest ones scoring about 0.62. The sugar mills in the provinces of Gorontalo, Banten, South Sulawesi, and East Java are more efficient than those of other provinces. The energy efficiency function suggested that increasing production volume can help to achieve more efficient energy use. Additionally, as labor and capital are substitute inputs, improvements in capital investment (technological upgrade) may yield larger outputs and contribute to more energy-efficient production. Meanwhile, raw materials and capital are complementary inputs, so improvements in energy efficiency via a larger mill size, bigger capital investment, and more efficient sourcing of raw materials can support the national government's production targets sustainably.

The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected. ; The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected.