Suchergebnisse

One of the main conditions to proceed with the Kuragino-Kyzyl railway construction project, part of the Kyzyl – Naryn – Muren – Erdenet line, is economic viability of exploration of deposits located in the Tuva Republic (Tyva) and in Northwestern Mongolia. At the Tyva Southern macroregion territory there are some large and middle deposits. Investment in exploration of the largest deposits may be quite effective, so there are good prospects for a mining complex to be created on the basis of these deposits. However, development of a mining complex in this region demands that participation of the government be essential, particularly in the form of public-private partnership. ; Одним из главных условий продолжения строительства железной дороги Курагино-Кызыл по трассе Кызыл – Нарын – Мурен – Эрденет является экономическая целесообразность освоения месторождений Республики Тувы (Тывы) и Северо-Западной Монголии. В России на территории Южного макрорегиона Тывы расположен ряд крупных и средних месторождений полезных ископаемых. Инвестиционные вложения в разработку наиболее крупных месторождений могут быть вполне окупаемы, и в перспективе возможно создание на их базе горнопромышленного комплекса. Тем не менее, для развития в этом регионе горнопромышленного комплексакрайне необходимо участие государства, в том числе на условиях государственно-частного партнерства.

The article studies the influence of Russia and Turkey on the political development of the South Caucasus in 1918. The choice of 1918 year is conditioned by its transitivity in the relations of two countries with regard to the Caucasus region: peace treaty was concluded, but cooperation was not achieved yet. After the fall of the monarchy Russia entered the stage of reconstruction, while Turkey was on the verge of the final fall of the Young Turks. For both countries the territory of the South Caucasus became the stage of political struggle for realizing imperial ambitions and an attempt to prevent the final territorial disintegration of states. The author shows a difference between Russian and Turkish political approaches. Turkey acted directly, holding negotiations and introducing troops, while Russia had no contacts with Caucasus officials and tried to weaken the Turkish activity in the region through Germany. The conflict nature of the region, which had earlier been suppressed by the power of Russian monarchy, was revealed now. The author presents the political development of the South Caucasus in the form of evolution from the idea of autonomy within the Russian statehood to the proclamation of independence of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. Considering the South Caucasus political development in the international context is conditioned by dependence on external challenges, which determined the decisions and actions of Caucasian political elites. On the one hand, the newly formed Caucasian governments declared their independence at the international level. On the other hand, these governments were dependent on the leaders of world politics in achieving their goals. The participation of Russia and Turkey in the political processes in the South Caucasus was associated with the contradictory aims. Both parties didn't want to be eliminated from the Caucasian region. At the same time, they tried to avoid military conflict. The Turkish government's motivation to use the military power consisted in the need to protect the Muslim population, but not in opposition to Russia. In general, year 1918 marked two opposite perspectives for both countries: for Russia - the loss of the Caucasus as a territory and a sphere of influence; for Turkey - strengthening positions through the local Muslim population.

The article is devoted to the current problem of student and youth protest actions that took place in South Africa in 2015-2017. The author shows their influence on the political life of the country. The socioeconomic and ideological reasons for the initiation of the student riots are analyzed. The connection of protests with the general crisis of higher education in South Africa is traced. The study is based on the analysis of the South African print media of recent years. The author analyzes main events and results of the protests that took place in the autumn of 2015, the aggravation of the situation in the sphere of higher education in connection with the student riots in the autumn of 2016, and the unsuccessful attempt to hold the Higher Education National Convention in March 2017. These events became the stages of the movement "Fees must fall" for the abolition of universities fees. The author evaluates the participation of modern youth and student parties and associations in the protests. It is noted that youth and student protests are used by the left and radical parties of the South African political spectrum in the struggle for influence in the country.

On the basis of recent studies of modern ethno-political processes the author shows the new threats and challenges of uncontrolled migration flows from the Middle East and North Africa. These processes have created a serious threat not only to EU countries but also in other continents. The author analyzes and forecasts the growing conflict potential in the Caspian region, which is particularly applied to Southern Russia. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the old and the modern conflicts, the author makes conclusion about the continuity of data due to the lack of development of negative processes of democratic processes and the low level of tolerance in the regions of the North Caucasus, which is a breeding ground for Islamic radicalism. The only constructive solution to this problem in the present period is the socio-economic stabilization of the society and the revival of the principles of tolerance since the Soviet period, taking into account regional peculiarities of the peoples living in these territories. As a result, it is necessary to provide recommendations and suggestions of scientists, economists and social scientists to expand intellectual scientific potential with a degree of respect for the principles of tolerance. In conclusion it is noted that today for Russia there cannot be a future without policy capable of ensuring harmony in inter-ethnic and religious relations, the cooperation of all constituent peoples. (author's abstract)

The article considers factors determining the peculiarities of the integration processes in Iraqi Kurdistan. The formation of Iraqi Kurdistan as a social-political community was determined by the growth of national consciousness of the population of the autonomy, and by accelerating processes of self-determination under the influence of a number of external and internal reasons. The national identity of the Iraqi Kurds as a part of the Kurdish people is based on the same historical background, language, and culture, on the mental attribution of the Kurds to the single group, which is explained not only by historical facts, but also by a specific worldview and myths sometimes divorced from reality but rooted in the collective representations. The external pressure of direct aggression and political enforcement to the assimilation plays a key role in the consolidation of the Iraqi Kurds and in the growth of their national self-determination: the resistance to the common enemy strengthens the national identity of the Iraqi Kurds. The author examines factors both general for all the Kurds and specific for Iraqi Kurdistan, i.e. the strengthening of the common form of language through the education, literature and media institutions, and the development of economic relations and civil and political institutions, which is due to the autonomy status of Iraqi Kurdistan. The article identifies and examines objective reasons preventing intensive integration processes in the community of Iraqi Kurds, which are, on the one hand, the influence of the external forces including neighbor states, transnational corporations, the authorities of Baghdad, and the growing military aggression of the armed terrorist groups; on the other hand, the slowdown of integration processes inside Iraqi Kurdistan are due to the internal contradictions in the autonomy determined by the features of the social and political structure of the Kurd society, such as tribalism, immaturity of the political system, and ethnic and religious diversity.

The strategic position of the South Caucasus prompted the regional players, Russia, Iran and Turkey, to seek more significant influence on this territory. Israel is not a direct actor in the South Caucasus. Still, the region is of great strategic importance for the foreign policy doctrine of the Israeli state, whose interests only intensified as Iran's influence had expanded after the lifting of sanctions in 2016. This article focuses on the region's importance to Israel in its regional and national security. Based on this, the paper identifies and analyzes Israel's geopolitical priorities and interests in the South Caucasus. The primary attention is paid to the main directions of Israel's foreign policy, focused on protecting its vital interests. Since the creation of the Israeli state, the central foreign policy doctrines have been researched. The main aspects of Israel's relations and interests with the region's states (particularly the role of Iran) have been analyzed. Israel's foreign policy is primarily tied to its deeply rooted historical traditions and is based on the principles of realism. Israel's interests and policy in the Caucasus have three main aspects: strategic - a means of encircling Iran, medium-term - the energy supply zone, short-term - a market for the sale of high-tech weapons and ammunition. At the same time, these dimensions pose a challenge for the three traditional regional players - Russia, Turkey and Iran - who are very reluctant to admit extra-regional actors. The novelty of the article lies in consideration of Israel as a new geopolitical actor in the South Caucasus in the triangle of relations between regional and local states, as well as a zone for ensuring Israel's geo-security. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities in assessing the issues of regional and national security, foreign policy and geopolitics of the South Caucasus.

The problem of the spread of extremist organizations' activities in the South of Russia is intensified due to the increasing role of international actors and the influence of neighboring States. Extremist groups are included in the sphere of interests of countries with high level of institutional instability that have unresolved territorial administrative problems and also major terrorist organizations such as the 'Islamic State' (ISIL) prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation. The author applies an institutional method to determine the role of international influence on the development of extremist organizations in the South of Russia. Despite the decline in its activity, the ISIL continues to be among the priority threats to international security. The Russian Federation has successfully conducted anti-terrorist operation in Syria, while the ISIL operates in Iraq and other regions of the world. Its area of interest includes Russia, since the ISIL units exist on the territory of the Caucasus region and the Crimean Peninsula. At the same time, the territory of the Rostov region and the Republic of Crimea are subjected to the influence of the Ukrainian geo-strategic interests. The Ukrainian authorities act with territorial claims to the Russian Federation on a number of border regions as well as organize sabotage operations and support marginal movements. The so-called 'Circassian question' continues to be significant for the South of Russia. In the context of the present research, the author poses the problem of considering the interaction of neighboring countries and extremist organizations in the Russian border regions. The institutional research approaches allow determining the main "point of tension" in the southern border area, and to identify the main actors influencing the extremist organization. The results of the work give conclusions about the main directions of foreign States' influence on the regions of the South of Russia and counteraction to them by the security authorities.

While previous Israeli governments have tried to depopulate Gaza, today there is a growing momentum to carry out mass transfer-with American support.

AGRICULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL SCIENCES SOCIAL, PEDAGOGY SCIENCES & HUMANITIES MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SCIENCES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMIC, MANAGEMENT & MARKETING SCIENCES LEGAL, LEGISLATION AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

leyds-60-7775.pdf created from original pamphlet in the WJ Leyds Collection held in the Africana Section of the Stellenbosch University Library and Information Service.

Any broader peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan would signal the start of a new era in the South Caucasus. Russia's influence would decline, and Turkey's-grow.

The results of a comprehensive study of the reference section of the Upper Maastrichtian of Mount Klementyev (South-Eastern Crimea), composed of a terrigeneous-carbonate strata. It was found that sedimentation occurred in relatively deep-water conditions. Biostratigraphic analysis of benthic and planktonic foraminifera assemblages made it possible to identify foraminiferal zones in the section and confirm the deep-water type of sedimentation in the basin at this interval.