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This book is a vivid history of racism in post-apartheid South Africa, focusing on how colonialism still haunts black intraracial relationships. In 2008, sixty-four people died in a wave of anti-immigrant violence in the Alexandra township of Johannesburg; in the aftermath, Hashi Kenneth Tafira went to Alexandra and undertook an ethnographic study of why this violence occurred. Presented here, his findings reframe xenophobia as a form of black-on-black racism, unraveling the long history of colonial dehumanization and self-abnegation that continues to shape South African black subjectivities. Studying vernacular, popular stereotypes, gender, and sexual politics, Tafira investigates the dynamics of love relationships between black South African women and black immigrant men, and pervasive myths about male sexuality, economic competition, and immigrants. Pioneering and timely, this book presents a cohesive picture of the new face of racism in the twenty-first century.

South Africa has undergone enormous economic, social and political change since the beginning of the democratisation process in 1994. The South African economy, including agriculture, is increasingly integrated in world markets with about one-third of agricultural production exported. It is among the world's leading exporters of such agro-food products as wine, fresh fruits and sugar. At the same time, South African agriculture is highly dualistic with a small number of commercial operations run predominantly by white farmers and large numbers of subsistence farms run by black farm

Title Page -- About the Layout -- Dedication -- List of Maps, Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter One: South Africa, 1899-1902: The Last Gentleman's War? -- The geopolitical landscape and the rival strategies -- Boer and Briton -- The Boer offensive and the battles of the frontiers -- The British invasion of the republics -- The change in Boer strategy -- The British counterinsurgency strategy: logistics, blockhouses, mobile columns, camps -- Blockhouses -- Drives: mobile columns and armoured trains -- Boer tactics -- Morale -- Political warfare -- The butcher's bill -- Conclusion -- Chapter Two: Integration and Union, 1902-1914 -- Empire, military organisation and the threat perception -- Pacification of the highveld and creation of the Transvaal Volunteers -- The politics of military integration: the forging of the Union Defence Force -- Conclusion -- Chapter Three: The First World War, 1914-1918 -- The politics of participation -- A bad beginning: gambits and crises -- Military reform and the second invasion of South West Africa -- Raising and dispatch of expeditionary forces -- German East Africa, 1915-1918 -- The Middle East: Egypt and Palestine -- France: mud and trenches -- Conclusion -- Chapter Four: The Inter-war Years, 1919-1939 -- Defence policy, strategic calculations and threat perception -- Demobilisation, rationalisation and reorganisation -- Technology, military innovation and organisational politics -- Politics: domestic and Commonwealth -- Revised threat perception and policy change -- Political opposition and mobilisation -- Conclusion -- Chapter Five: The Second World War, 1939-1945 -- Politics, domestic and imperial -- A house divided: subversion, propaganda and secret agents -- The mobilisation of the Union Defence Force -- Home waters: the expansion of an air force and the creation of a navy

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- World Map -- Chronology -- Chapter 1: Historical Background on Apartheid in South Africa -- Chapter Exercises -- 1. Apartheid in South Africa: An Overview -- 2. Establishing Separate Communities for Different Races -- 3. The Sharpeville Massacre -- 4. A Student Uprising in Soweto -- 5. South Africa's Bishop Tutu-Time for a Peaceful Solution is Short -- 6. The Beginning of the End for Apartheid -- 7. Apartheid has No Future -- 8. S. Africa Tries Out New System with Risky Plan -- Chapter 2: Controversies Surrounding Apartheid in South Africa -- Chapter Exercises -- 1. Apartheid is the Best Policy for South Africa -- 2. Apartheid is an Evil and Unjust System -- 3. South Africa and Foreign Countries Reacted Differently to the Sharpeville Massacre -- 4. Sanctions should not be Imposed on South Africa -- 5. US Companies may not Truly be Leaving South Africa -- 6. Multiple Factors Caused the Collapse of Apartheid -- 7. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was Successful -- 8. Mandela, 20 Years On: Change, But for Whom? -- Chapter 3: Personal Narratives -- Chapter Exercises -- 1. A South African Reflects on his Childhood -- 2. A Political Prisoner Serves Time on Robben Island -- 3. An Imprisoned ANC Leader Learns About Soweto and the New Activists -- 4. A White South African Teen Discovers Truths About his Country -- 5. A Human Being Died That Night: A South African Story of Forgiveness -- Glossary -- Organizations to Contact -- List of Primary Source Documents -- For Further Research -- Index -- Back Cover

South Africa has made impressive strides in economic development over thepast two decades. But in recent years, lower growth has exacerbated highunemployment, inequality, and vulnerabilities. Although weak trading partner growthcontributed, domestic factors were an important reason why South Africa's growth hasbeen below that of other emerging markets. Large current account and fiscal deficits, sofar easily financed by global liquidity, have raised vulnerabilities

Cover -- CONTENTS -- A NEW OPPORTUNITY TO REIGNITE GROWTH -- RECENT MACRO-FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTS -- BASELINE SCENARIO: OUTLOOK ON CURRENT POLICIES -- RISK ASSESSMENT -- REFORM SCENARIO: COMPLETING UNFINISHED TASKS -- ADVANCING THE STRUCTURAL REFORM AGENDA -- A. Improving Governance and Fighting Corruption -- B. Advancing Product Market Reforms -- C. Increasing Labor Market Flexibility and Improving the Quality of Basic Education -- D. Leveraging Digitalization -- STABILIZING DEBT AT COMFORTABLE LEVELS -- ANCHORING INFLATION EXPECTATIONS AT LOWER LEVELS -- SAFEGUARDING FINANCIAL STABILITY AND DEEPENING INCLUSION -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Impact of Key Political Events and Policy Decisions on Markets -- 2. Distributional Impact of Fiscal Policy and Low Inflation -- 3. Recent Actions Taken by the Government to Fight Corruption and Improve Governance -- 4. Improving Efficiency and Reducing Fiscal Costs of SOEs -- 5. Land Reform Considerations -- 6. Addressing the Challenges of Low Education Quality -- FIGURES -- 1. Economic and Social Context -- 2. Real Sector Developments -- 3. External Sector Developments -- 4. Monetary, Banking, and Fiscal Sector Developments -- 5. Financial Market Developments -- 6. Regional Spillovers from South Africa -- 7. Buffers -- 8. Vulnerabilities -- 9. Constraints to Growth -- 10. Restarting Growth -- 11. Readiness for Digitalization -- 12. Stabilizing Debt -- 13. Anchoring Inflation Expectations and Financial Stability -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2013-19 -- 2. Consolidated Government Operations, 2012/13-2020/21 -- 3. Balance of Payments, 2013-23 -- 4. Financial Corporations, 2013-23 -- 5. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2012-17 -- 6. Medium Term Macroeconomic Framework, 2013-23 -- 7. Indicators of External Vulnerability, 2012-17 -- ANNEXES -- I. Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Geopolitical Focus on Southern Africa -- The Emphasis on Apartheid -- Interdependence -- South African Hegemony -- Geopolitical Focus -- 2 Economic Interdependence -- Regional Interdependence -- Economic Vulnerability -- Landlocked States -- Black African Ports -- South African Ports -- Rail Network -- Other Dependencies -- Global Interdependence -- Foreign Policy Leverage -- Strategic Minerals -- The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty -- The Cape Route -- International Debt -- 3 Pluralism: The Domestic Challenge -- Historical Setting -- The Separation of Races -- Constitutional Reform -- Black Opposition -- 4 New Buffer States: South Africa's Regional Policy -- Economic Incentives -- New Buffer States -- Zimbabwe -- Mozambique -- Angola -- Policy Success -- 5 South Africa's Mining Industry: Mainstay of the Economy -- Minerals and the Economy -- Historical Setting -- Governmental Role in Mining -- Mining Laws -- Government Tax Policy -- Mineral Organizations -- The Private Sector -- Factors of Production -- Labor -- Foreign Workers -- The Black Labor Unions -- Energy -- Electricity -- Synthetic Fuels -- Transportation Infrastructure -- 6 Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword -- Sanctions and Interdependence -- The Historical Application of Sanctions -- Sanctions Against South Africa -- South Africa's Economic Outlook -- Governmental Sanctions -- The Arms Embargo -- Oil and Nuclear Technology Sanctions -- Banning the Sale of Krugerrands -- Banning Bank Loans -- Government Sanctions in Europe and Japan -- Impact and Probability of a Trade Embargo -- Other Sanctions -- Impact of Sanctions on Southern Africa -- Zimbabwe -- Botswana -- Zambia -- Mozambique, Malawi, Swaziland and Lesotho -- Conclusion.

Chapter 5 -- The doors of education and culture shall be open: the centrality of education in the history of the ANCChapter 6 -- Revisiting the role of the student ovement in the making of democratic South Africa; Chapter 7 -- Through the shadow of death: the ANC's underground struggle; Chapter 8 -- The fourth pillar: a century of solidarity in ANC politics; Chapter 9 -- The Scandinavian anti-apartheid movement: international solidarity in action; Chapter 10 -- The presence of African liberation movements in Egypt after the Bandung Conference in 1955; PART 3 -- The Battle of Ideas.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Groups at Cinderella in 1994 -- Local timeline in relation to national liberation -- Introduction -- 1. Picturing a South African Gold Mine -- 2. White Stories -- 3. Ways of Dying -- 4. Good Friday at Cinderella -- 5. Freeing Workers and Erasing History -- 6. Unionization from Above -- 7. Motives for Murder -- 8. The Aftermath "They Were Enjoying Our Freedom" -- Conclusion -- Postscript Doing Fieldwork at the End of Apartheid -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Appendices -- Tables -- Figures -- Boxes -- Glossary -- Executive Summary -- 1. Summary of Recommendations -- Introduction -- 1. Testing Program under the 2014 FSAP Update -- Solvency Risk -- A. Methodologies -- 2. Macro-financial Scenarios (Key Variables) -- 1. Modeling Approaches and Assumptions in the TD and BU STs -- 2. Insurance Stress Testing by the FSB -- B. Results for the Banking Sector -- 3. Bank-Scenario-based Stress Test Results -- 4. Bank-Top Down Stress Test System-wide Capital Shortfall -- 5. Top Down Capital Ratio Distribution -- 2. Results of Global Market Shocks -- 3. Sensitivity Analyses-Large Exposure Impacts -- 4. Sensitivity Analyses-Interest Rate Hike Impacts on Household Debt -- 5. Sensitivity Analyses-Market Risks on Trading Book -- 6. Sensitivity Analyses-Market Risks on the Trading Book -- 7. Sensitivity Analyses-Interest Rate Risks on the Banking Book -- C. Results for the Insurance Sector -- 6. Insurance-CAR Coverage Ratios -- 7. Insurance-Return on Equity -- 8. Insurance-Reduction in available capital -- 8. Insurance-Effect on Available and Required Capital -- D. Aggregating Banking and Insurance Stresses -- Liquidity Risk -- 9. Bank-Liquidity Stress Test -- Contagion Risk -- 10. Financial System Spillover Coefficients -- Recommendations -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) -- II. Macro-financial Scenarios -- III. Stress Test Matrix (STeM) for the Banking Sector -- IV. Stress Test Matrix (STeM) for the Insurance Sector -- Footnotes

Before the advent of the great mineral revolution in the latter half of the 19th century, South Africa was a sleepy colonial backwater whose unpromising landscape was seemingly devoid of any economic potential. Yet lying just beneath the dusty surface of the land lay the richest treasure trove of gold, diamonds, platinum, coal and a host of other metals and minerals that has ever been discovered in one country. It was the discovery and exploitation of first diamonds in 1870 and then gold in 1886 that proved the catalyst to the greatest mineral revolution the world has ever known, which transf

South Africa's democratic transformation in 1994 captured the attention of the international community. Politics: South Africa provides an acute appraisal of the critical moments in the history of South Africa, and examines the political environment in the years following the shift to democracy. Under the leadership of the revered figure of Nelson Mandela, the?rainbow nation' achieved the transition with less violence than had been feared. A new generation of post-Apartheid young people has grown up, and the socio-political environment is maturing. However, the co.

The twentieth century has brought considerable political, social, and economic change for South Africa. While many would choose to focus only on the issues of race, segregation, and apartheid, this book tries to capture another facet: its drive towards modernisation and industrialisation. While considering the achievements and failures of that drive, as well as how it related to ethnic and racial policy making, Bill Freund makes the economic data come alive by highlighting people and places. He proposes that South Africa in the twentieth century can actually be understood as a nascent developmental state, with economic development acting as a key motivating factor. As a unique history of South Africa in the twentieth century, this will appeal to anyone interested in a new interpretation of modern South African economic development or those in development studies searching for striking historical examples