Suchergebnisse

"Mit der Osterweiterung und der Baustelle des Konvents zur Zukunft Europas durchlebt die Europäische Union derzeit eine Phase des Wandels, die auch eine Prüfung darstellt. Frankreich und Deutschland müssen jetzt mehr denn je ihre Kräfte vereinen, damit dieser Wandel erfolgreich vollzogen werden kann, Europa seine inneren Konflikte überwindet und seine Rolle als globaler Akteur stärkt. In diesem Jahr feiern die beiden Länder den 40. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Elysée-Vertrages. In den Monaten zuvor haben sie wieder wichtige Kompromisse geschlossen und gemeinsame Initiativen ins Leben gerufen, um in den wesentlichen europäischen Fragen voranzukommen. Auf diesem Weg sollten sie weiter vorangehen, um wieder die unverzichtbare, treibende Kraft eines auf 25 oder 27 Mitgliedstaaten erweiterten Europa zu werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben Ifri (Institut français des relations internationales) und DGAP, die seit vielen Jahren durch eine enge Zusammenarbeit miteinander verbunden sind, beschlossen, eine langfristig angelegte gemeinsame Analyse der Rolle des deutsch-französischen Tandems im erweiterten Europa in Gang zu bringen." (Autorenreferat)

"This volume sets out to examine the ways in which an equality between the sexes is constructed, conceptualised, imagined or realized in early modern France, a period and a country which produced some of the earliest theorizations on equality. In so doing, it aims to contribute towards the development of the history of equality as an intellectual category within the history of political thought, and to situate "the woman question" within that history. The eleven essays in the volume span the fields of political theory, philosophy, literature, history and history of ideas, bringing together literary scholars, historians, philosophers and scholars of political thought, and examine an extensive range of primary sources. While most of the chapters focus on the conceptualisation of a moral, metaphysical or intellectual equality between the sexes, space is also given to concrete examples of a de facto gender equality in operation. The volume is aimed at scholars and graduate students of political thought, history of philosophy, women's history and gender studies alike. It aims to throw light on the history of Western ideas of equality and difference, questions which continue to preoccupy cultural historians, philosophers, political theorists and feminist critics"--

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- 1. Introduction: A World Apart -- 2. The Nord and Its Men -- 3. The Productive Life of Women -- 4. Domesticity: The Rhetoric of Reproduction -- 5. Cosmos: Faith versus Reason -- 6. Society: Charity versus Capitalism -- 7. Education: Innocence versus Enlightenment -- 8. The Domestic Myth -- 9. Woman's Mentality versus Liberal Consciousness -- Appendix Tables -- Acknowledgments and Sources -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- TABLES -- PREFACE -- Introduction: Citizenship, Immigration, and Nationality Avant La Lettre -- PART ONE. FOREIGNERS & CITIZENS IN EARLY MODERN FRANCE -- CHAPTER ONE. THE MAKING OF THE ABSOLUTE CITIZEN -- CHAPTER TWO. THE LETTER OF NATURALIZATION IN THE OLD REGIME -- CHAPTER THREE. THE USE AND ABUSE OF NATURALIZATION -- PART TWO. A SOCIAL HISTORY OF FOREIGN CITIZENS, I66o-1789 -- CHAPTER FOUR. STATUS AND SOCIOPROFESSIONAL IDENTITIES -- CHAPTER FIVE. GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS AND RESIDENCE -- CHAPTER SIX. TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF NATURALIZATION -- PART THREE. THE CITIZENSHIP REVOLUTION FROM THE OLD TO THE NEW REGIME -- CHAPTER SEVEN. FROM LAW TO POLITICS BEFORE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION -- CHAPTER EIGHT. NATURALIZATION AND THE DROIT D'AUBAINE FROM THE FRENCH REVOLUTION TO THE BOURBON RESTORATION -- CONCLUSION. ENDING THE OLD REGIME IN 1819 -- APPENDIX 1. SOURCES OF THE STATISTICAL STUDY OF NATURALIZATIONS, r66o-r790 -- APPENDIX 2. TREATIES WITH FRANCE ABOLISHING OR EXEMPTING FOREIGNERS FROM THE DROIT D'AUBAINE, I753-I79I -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. The Middle Ages -- Chapter 2. The Beginning of Modern Times -- Chapter 3. Groundwork for a History of Blindness in the Classical Age -- Chapter 4. Sensationalism and Sensorial Impairments -- Chapter 5. Philanthropy and the Education of the Sensorially Impaired -- Chapter 6. The Move of the Quinze-Vingts and the Annuity from the Public Treasury -- Chapter 7. The Establishment of the Institute for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind (1791-1794) -- Chapter 8. The National Institute for Blind Workers -- Chapter 9. The Merging of the National Institute for Blind Workers and the Hospice of the Quinze-Vingts -- Chapter 10. The Blind in France at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century -- Chapter 11. Social Representations and Literary Figures of Blindness in the First Third of the Nineteenth Century -- Chapter 12. The Quinze-Vingts Under the Consulate and the Empire: Implementing a Productivist Utopia -- Chapter 13. The Quinze-Vingts Under the Restoration: A "Memory Site" of the Ultra-Royalist Reaction -- Chapter 14. The Royal Institute for Blind Youth Under the Restoration -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography

Did fascism have a significant following in France in the 1930s? Were its supporters predominantly from the political right or left? This provocative book, in conjunction with its acclaimed predecessor, French Fascism: The First Wave, demolishes the notion that fascism never took hold in France. Robert Soucy argues that France has a long-standing fascist tradition, one that arose, he argues, more from counterrevolutionary forces on the right than from forces on the left.Analyzing fascist "double-talk," Soucy underscores the social and economic conservatism of such mass movements as Francisme, the Solidarité Française, the Parti Populaire Français, and the Croix de Feu—as well as the ideological and membership crossovers between them. Examining police reports of the era, he penetrates beneath the "socialist" rhetoric of these movements and describes their financial backing from the steel and electricity industries and the middle- and lower-middle-class constituencies (rather than workers) who provided most of their recruits. Soucy investigates why thousands of French men and women found fascist ideas attractive during this period and what fueled the more authoritarian and brutal aspects of French fascism. According to Soucy, these tendencies (seen most recently in the right-wing activity of Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front) periodically emerge from perceived threats from "alien" elements in French society—whether they be Communists, Socialists, immigrants, Jews, feminists, hedonists, democrats, or liberals "soft" on Marxism and secularism

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- I. Relations between Church and State from 1871 to 1879 -- II. The Roots of Republican Anti-Clericalism -- III. The Roots of Republican Anti-Clericalism: The Renaissance of Jacobin Nationalism -- IV. Laic Laws concerning Higher and Secondary Education -- V. The Reform of Primary Education -- VI. Other Laic Legislation -- VII. Attacks on the Concordat and Religious Orders -- VIII. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Cultural Affairs under Vichy -- 2. Defending French Style and Beauty -- 3. Exodus -- 4. Museums Fit for France -- 5. Saving Historic Sites -- 6. Archeology and the National Revolution -- 7. Recycling French Heroes -- 8. Endangered Local Patrimony -- 9. Jewish Art Collections -- 10. Art as a Negotiating Tool -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Primary National Museum Storage Depots, 1939-1940 -- Appendix B. Provincial Museums in 1939 Protection Plan -- Appendix C. Evacuation of Provincial Collections, 1941-1944 -- Appendix D. Composition of the National Museum Advisory Councils -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Origins, Organization, and Structure -- 2. Ici on ne fait pas de la politique -- 3. Politics, Yes, but Not Electoral Politics -- 4. Liberty with All Its Risks -- 5. The League from Below -- 6. War and Peace: 1914‒1934 -- 7. From the Popular Front to the Fall of France -- 8. Vichy -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Is There a Class in This Text? -- 1 The Social Imaginary in Prerevolutionary France -- 2 Commerce, Luxury, and Family -- 3 Revolutionary Brotherhood and the War against Aristocracy -- 4 The Social World after Thermidor -- 5 The Political Birth of the Bourgeoisie, 1815–1830 -- 6 The Failure of "Bourgeois Monarchy" -- Conclusion: The Bourgeois, the Jew, and the American -- Notes -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Nobility After Revisionism -- I. Nobility and Economy -- 1. Economies of Consumption: Political Economy and Noble Display in Eighteenth-Century France -- 2. A Divided Nobility: Status, Markets, and the Patrimonial State in the Old Regime -- 3. The Noble Profession of Seigneur in Eighteenth-Century Burgundy -- 4. Political Economy and the French Nobility, 1750 -1789 -- II. Nobility and Political Culture -- 5. Noble Tax Exemption and the Long-Term Origins of the French Revolution: The Example of Provence, 1530s to 1789 -- 6. Women, Gender, and the Image of the Eighteenth-Century Aristocracy -- 7. Nobles into Aristocrats, or How an Order Became a Conspiracy -- III. Nobility and "Aristocratic Reaction" -- 8. A Rhetoric of Aristocratic Reaction? Nobility in De l'Esprit des Lois -- 9. The Making of an Aristocratic Reactionary: The Comte d'Escherny, Noble Honor, and the Abolition of Nobility -- 10. The Memoirs of Lameth and the Reconciliation of Nobility and Revolution -- IV. Nobility and Modernity -- 11. French Nobles and the Historians, 1820 -1960 -- For Further Reading -- List of Contributors -- Index