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Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is previously not a homogenous model, nor a school or a paradigm, but at most a shared respective in doing linguistics, semantics, or discourse analysis. The objective of CDA is to perceive language use as social practice. The researchers in this paper have done this at the 58th session of the UN General assembly, New York. The theoretical framework used for the analysis is Fairclough's model, 1992. This research paper has analysed the data qualitatively. This research work has explained and clarified the intellectual and invulnerable strategies, ideologies of President Musharraf, Pakistani president for global, political, economic, social and cultural development not only for his own country but for the entire world, especially developing countries. CDA of G-P-M speech shows that his motto is peace, security and development of human rights, implementation of international law, social justice for everyone and multilateral diplomacy by the support of the war on terror and cooperation with the international community. Pervaiz Musharaf has presented a positive and soft image of Pakistan.

Alfred the Great's domboc ('book of laws') is the longest and most ambitious legal text of the Anglo-Saxon period. Alfred places his own laws, dealing with everything from sanctuary to feuding to the theft of bees, between a lengthy translation of legal passages from the Bible and the legislation of the West-Saxon King Ine (r. 688-726), which rival his own in length and scope. This book is the first critical edition of the domboc published in over a century, as well as a new translation. Five introductory chapters offer fresh insights into the laws of Alfred and Ine, considering their backgrounds, their relationship to early medieval legal culture, their manuscript evidence and their reception in later centuries. Rather than a haphazard accumulation of ordinances, the domboc is shown to issue from deep reflection on the nature of law itself, whose effects would permanently alter the development of early English legislation

Direct elections for regional heads by the people began after the issuance of Law no. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government. After the implementation of direct regional head elections by the people for 12 years, there were pros and cons regarding the implementation of direct regional head elections so that Law No. 22 of 2014 concerning the Regional Head Election in a representative manner by the DPRD which was later canceled through Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perpu) No. 1 of 2014 concerning Direct Regional Head Election by the People. The issuance of a Government Regulation in Lieu of a Law is intended so that democracy at the regional or local level can develop where regional people can directly elect their leaders at the regional or local level. This research is a normative legal research where the focus of the study is the norms contained in Perpu No. 1 of 2014 which returns the regional head elections directly elected by the local people. This research approach uses a qualitative juridical approach, namely examining from the legal side in addition to providing explanations regarding the considerations issued by the president's Perpu and the public's response to direct regional head elections. The purpose of this study is to determine the process of regional head elections that are directly elected by the local people so that the development of democracy at the local level can run well. The results obtained from this research are that direct regional head elections by the local people reflect more of a democratic nature than through representation and are in accordance with the wishes of the constitution that sovereignty is in the hands of the people.

This edition of the laws promulgated by successive Anglo-Saxon rulers over a period of five centuries was published in three volumes between 1903 and 1916 by the German historian Felix Lieberman (1851-1925), and is still regarded as authoritative. This unique body of early medieval legal writing, unparalleled in other Germanic languages, provides valuable source material for scholars of Old English and of legal history, and Lieberman's thorough engagement with the manuscripts has never been surpassed. Volume 3 provides introductions to each set of laws presented in Volume 1, and detailed line-by-line explanatory notes that complement the dictionary and glossary of terms found in Volume 2. Frederick Attenborough's The Laws of the Early English Kings (1922), providing a modern English translation of early Anglo-Saxon laws, is also reissued in this series

This edition of the laws promulgated by successive Anglo-Saxon rulers over a period of five centuries was published in three volumes between 1903 and 1916 by the German historian Felix Lieberman (1851-1925), and is still regarded as authoritative. This unique body of early medieval legal writing, unparalleled in other Germanic languages, provides valuable source material for scholars of Old English and of legal history, and Lieberman's thorough engagement with the manuscripts has never been surpassed. Volume 2 contains a dictionary of the Old English, Latin and French words found in the texts in Volume 1. The dictionary is presented in one alphabetical sequence, and is followed by a German glossary of legal terms listing references in the texts, other medieval works and later scholarship. Frederick Attenborough's The Laws of the Early English Kings (1922), providing a modern English translation of early Anglo-Saxon laws, is also reissued in this series

This edition of the laws promulgated by successive Anglo-Saxon rulers over a period of five centuries was published in three volumes between 1903 and 1916 by the German historian Felix Lieberman (1851-1925), and is still regarded as authoritative. This unique body of early medieval legal writing, unparalleled in other Germanic languages, provides valuable source material for scholars of Old English and of legal history, and Lieberman's thorough engagement with the manuscripts has never been surpassed. His preface explains that owing to factors such as the extreme variability of Old English orthography, and the existence of both Latin and Old English versions of the same material, a traditional edition using just one base manuscript with a critical apparatus would have been too unwieldy. Volume 1 introduces the manuscripts, and gives several parallel versions of each text in Old English and Latin with a facing translation into modern German. Frederick Attenborough's The Laws of the Early English Kings (1922) is also reissued in this series

Frederick Levi Attenborough (1887-1973) studied at Cambridge and was a Fellow of Emmanuel College between 1920 and 1925. He later became the Principal of University College, Leicester. In 1922 Cambridge University Press published his edition of the early Anglo-Saxon laws, with a facing-page modern English translation. A few years earlier, Felix Lieberman had published his monumental three-volume Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, which is still the definitive specialist edition of the laws (as Attenborough rightly predicted), and which is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection. Attenborough explains that his work is for social and legal historians who do not read German, or do not require the full critical apparatus and contextual material provided by Lieberman. Attenborough's book covers the laws from Aethelbert to Aethelstan; in 1925 Cambridge published a continuation by Agnes Robertson, The Laws of the Kings of England from Edmund to Henry I, which is also available

New Zealand's first General Election -- The New Zealand Company -- A bricklayer in Kent -- The arrival of the ship Tyne -- Prison hulks -- Emigration to New Zealand -- Eliza Hart marries John Wallis -- Dirty politics -- Women's organisations -- Electioneering women -- Minnie Dean -- Fallen women -- The status of Māori women -- Rational dress -- New Zealand Suffrage Medal -- Conserving the Suffrage petition -- The White Ribbon -- 1893 General Election -- 1893 Electoral Bill -- Eliza and Kate Sheppard -- Battle of the Buttonholes -- Women's suffrage petitions -- Canterbury Women's Institute Convention -- National Council of Women -- Suratura Tea -- Eliza's children -- New Zealand timeline -- World suffrage timeline -- Suffrage activities.

Introduction -- War and conflict -- Whakamaumahara ma te wareware: Remembering and forgetting the Taranaki War -- He tino pakanga nui no niu tireni: The 'Great War for New Zealand' in memory and history -- The Whanganui experience resistance and collaboration are valid forms of survival -- Pukehinahina (Gate pā) -- A Ngāti Awa experience -- Te riri a te kooti maumahara -- Remembrance, denial and the New Zealand wars: the road to rā maumahara -- Te kapehu o Tumatauenga way finding as a means of remembering the past.

Nigeria and Nigerians have witnessed different kinds of electoral frauds since the return to democracy in 1999. Counting from the 1999 general election in Nigeria, the 2019 general election is the 6th general elections conducted in the country. Unfortunately, none of these elections have been considered to be free and fair as there are always public outcries from one end to another against the results of the elections as a result of lack of transparency in the process. Drawing from this background, this study, examines whether heavy use of WhatsApp platforms by different political parties in the election encouraged popular participation and effective monitoring of the electoral processes. The study which examined a total of 318 respondents sampled from select WhatsApp groups of the two leading political parties adopted the survey research method with the social media engagement and technological acceptance theories as its theoretical framework to ascertain whether the use of WhatsApp platforms by political parties encouraged popular participation among the electorate and determine if WhatsApp platforms were helpful to parties in monitoring the 2019 general election as well as its processes. Findings revealed that WhatsApp use encouraged popular participation and electoral process monitoring. The researchers recommended that the political parties and the electoral umpire should engage more in the use of social media platforms in passing information during, on and after election to encourage transparency in leadership

La memoria recobrada : huellas en la historia de los Estados Unidos = Memory regained : traces in the history of the United States = Oroitzapen berreskuratua : aztarnak Estatus Batuen historian / José Manuel Guerrero Acosta -- Ministros con el rey : la plenitud del Despotismo Ilustrado = "The ministers with the king" : the heyay of Enlightened Despotism = Ministroak erregearekin : Despotismo Ilustratuaren gailurra / José Luis Gómez Urdáñez -- La diplomacia de Carlos III : la rebelión de las colonias inglesas y la Paz de París (1773-1783) = The diplomacy of Charles III : the rebellion of the English colonies and the Paris Peace Treaty (1773-1783) = Karlos III.aren diplomazia : kolonia ingelesen matxinada eta Parisko bakea (1773-1783) / Eduardo Garrigues López-Chicheri -- Diego María de Gardoqui, testigo de la primera ceremonia inaugural del presidente de los Estados Unidos = Diego María de Gardoqui, present at the swearing-in of the first president of the United States = Diego María de Gardoqui lekuko izan zen Estatus Batuetako lehen presidentea izendatzeko zeremonian -- Ilustrado, comerciante y diplomático : la dimensión histórica de Diego de Gardoqui en la independencia de los Estados Unidos = Enlightenment figure, trader and diplomat, the historical contribution of Diego de Gardoqui to the independence of the United States = Ilustratua, merkataria eta deplomazialaria : Diego de Gardoquiren dimentsio historikoa Estatu Batuen independentzian / Begoña Cava Mesa -- España y la independencia de las Trece Colonias americanas = Spain and the independence of the thirteen American colonies = Espainia eta hamahiru kolonia amerikarren independentzia / Martha Gutiérrez-Steinkamp -- Vascos del siglo XVIII en el Oeste norteamericano = Eighteenth century Basques in the American North-West = XVIII. mendeko euskaldunak Estatu Batuetako mendebaldean / Luis Laorden Jiménez -- Bernardo de Gálvez (1746-1786) : un líder en una época revolucionaria = Bernardo de Gálvez (1746-1786) : leader in a revolutionary age = Bernardo de Gálvez (1746-1786) : aro iraultzaile bateko liderra / Agustín Guimerá Ravina --

"The Waitangi Tribunal has declared that in the Treaty of Waitangi, Māori agreed to a dual-sovereignty partnership in New Zealand. The chiefs understood that the Governor would have authority over Europeans, whilst Māori would retain full sovereignty over themselves. But is this true? What does the Treaty actually say? And what do the records show of Māori understanding at the time the Treaty was debated? The history of Crown/ Māori conflict in our nation is also now being reinterpreted through the partnership prism. The new view is that the conflict reflected Māori pursuit of the dual-sovereignty partnership allegedly promised in the Treaty. But is this true? What were the conflicts really about? And what were Māori leaders saying about Crown sovereignty during these conflicts? ONE SUN IN THE SKY presents an evidence-based perspective on the question of sovereignty and the Treaty of Waitangi. Whilst a supporter of the Treaty settlements process, Ewen McQueen raises serious questions about the new paradigm of Treaty interpretation. In this book he reviews the historical evidence for how the Treaty was understood by Māori and Pakeha both at the time it was signed in 1840, and for the century which followed. The story he uncovers is rarely heard today. But it is a story which needs telling. Thoroughly researched and fully referenced, this book is a must-read for all New Zealanders. Not just because truth telling about our history is crucial to the future of race relations in our nation - but because our journey together has been a remarkable story"--Back story