Suchergebnisse

The European Commission adopted the European (EU) Forest Strategy in 2021, where forests and forest management practises such as closer-to-nature forestry (CNF) are identified as a key in solving the two crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. This interview study analyses the attitudes of different forest stakeholders towards CNF and their preferred regulation method of it. Seven stakeholders participated in the interviews, representing three stakeholder groups: forest owners, environmental organisations, and industry organisations. Two environmental organisations and one of the forest owners' organisations had their own definition of CNF, which entailed mainly natural regeneration and an avoidance of clear cuts. Their perceived purpose of CNF was the same as that of the EU Forest Strategy, as a forest management method aiming to promote climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation and timber production. Those who did not have a definition, two of the forest owner's organisations and two industrial organisations, explained that the definitions of CNF varied depending on the purpose of using it. The three organisations that had a definition of CNF, were also in favour of an EU regulation of CNF. The four organisations that were opposed, argued that the conditions across Europe vary too much to have a common regulation. Instead, they preferred market solutions and other ways of reaching the same goals. The results might depend on a larger inclination of believing in legislation if you have a clear definition of it, but also on the attitudes towards legislation varying in general between stakeholder types. During the finalisation of this study, the European Forest Institute released a report with seven principles of CNF, which calls for further research.

1. Introduktion. Bakgrund -- Forskningsöversikt -- Syfte -- Frägeställning -- Svenska källor -- Utländska källor -- Metod -- 2. Tidigmodern kreditmarknad. Den finansiella Infrastrukturen -- Företagsformer / associationer -- Krediter under perioden 1750-1820 -- Importens respektive exportens regiering samt finansiering -- Informell kreditgivning -- Lagstiftning - växelrätt -- Konkurs / konkurslagstiftning -- Växelprotester / notariatinstitutioner -- Växelprotester -- Växelprotestmaterial frän Göteborg -- 3. Utrikeshandel under förindustriell tid. Utrikeshandel via Göteborg -- Export -- Oreglerad handel -- Import -- 4. Göteborgs utrikeshandel och sjöfart. Fartygsrörelser som ett uttryck/Indikator för handel -- Maritim handel Östersjön -- Analys -- Handelsmönster fran Göteborg --

Describes what the section Statsvetenskapliga forbundet includes in this edition of the journal Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. The section contains one article on internationalization of political science with the focus on European politology. This issue also contains a correction to a previously published article and a eulogy for docent Susan Marton. L. Pitkaniemi

From comparative research on the constitutional development in Central & Eastern Europe & also from the long-standing debate on whether parliamentarism or presidentialism best facilitates democracy, it is apparent that there has been & continues to be, a certain degree of confusion concerning the concepts of semi-presidentialism & presidentialism. Different scholars mean different things by the terms & therefore classify countries differently. In this article I argue that the conceptual dichotomy between pro-premiar (premier-presidentialism) & pro-president systems (president-parliamentary systems) provide the best solution to several of the problems related to categorizing constitutional types, most importantly perhaps to the presidential power dilemma. I, furthermore, employ these concepts on the post-communist constitutional systems & try to reveal patterns with regard to presidential power, geographical region & democratzsation. 6 Tables, 3 Figures, 51 References. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of the essay is to discuss notions of a European public sphere, partly against the findings in previous empirical studies, partly against the results from an analyses of how the bombings in Madrid 2004 were framed & discussed in four different newspapers, based in different countries. The discussion shows that there is no single answer to the question if a European public sphere exists or not. There are some empirical findings which indicate that, at least the conditions for, a public sphere in Europe exist, while other findings points in the opposite direction. One conclusion that can be drawn from this, it is argued, is that the answer will depend on the theoretical point of departure for the study, as well as how the public sphere is measured. Another conclusion in the essay is that we need more empirical studies, where a comparative approach is used. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.