Suchergebnisse

Avrupa'da bölgeselleşme, Birliğin ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda bütünlük içinde gelişi-minin ve entegrasyonunun sağlandığı, ve bölgeler arasındaki gelir dağılımı farklılıklarının neden olduğu kalkınmayla ilgili problemlerin üstesinden gelindiği bir süreçtir. Türkiye'de bölgeler arasındaki sosyo-ekonomik farklılıklar AB üyesi ülkelerdekilerden daha belirgindir; bu nedenle, Türkiye'de bölgesel politikalara daha fazla önem verilmelidir. Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajansları (BKA'lar) 2005 yılında gündeme gelmiştir; o tarihten itibaren işlevleri ve amaçları hakkında yoğun tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. İki yıl süren ve Danıştay ve Anayasa Mahkeme-si'ni de içeren bir yargı mücadelesini kazanan BKA'lar bölgesel kalkınma farklılıklarının ortadan kaldırılması ve daha iyi entegrasyon için bir fırsat sunmaktadır; bu, AB'nin bölgesel-leşme idealleriyle de paraleldir. ; Regionalization in Europe implies a process through which coherent development and in-tegration of the Union in economic and social areas is ensured, and employment and devel-opment problems caused by income distribution differences between regions are overcome. Inter-regional socio-economic differences in Turkey are more noticeable in Turkey compared to EU member states; for this reason, greater importance has to be attached to regional policy in Turkey. Regional Development Agencies (BKAs) were introduced in 2005, and since then there has been intensive debate on their functions and the goals they serve. Having won a two-year-long juridical struggle, which involved Council of State and Constitutional Court, BKAs provide an opportunity for better integration and elimination of regional development differ-ences, which is an important element of regionalization policies of the Union.

Demokrasi, hukukun üstünlüğü, insan hakları gibi kurucu normlara sahip farklı bir siyasi kimlik ve bütünleşme modelini temsil eden ve "değerler birliği" olarak tanımlanan Avrupa Birliği, 2010'lu yıllardan itibaren bizzat kendi üye devleti Macaristan'ın birlik değerlerini ihlaline yönelik sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Nitekim Avrupa Parlamentosu, 12 Eylül 2018'de Macaristan'ın temel değerlerini ihlal ettiğine dair açık bir riskin varlığını tespit kararı almıştır. Böyle bir kararın, bu kurumda ilk kez bir üye devletine karşı alınmış olması konunun önemini göstermektedir. Kuramsal çerçevesini İnşacılık yaklaşımının oluşturduğu bu tezde; Avrupa Birliği'nin temel değerlerini, uluslararası politikada en önemli araçlar olarak kullandığı iddialarına dayanan, İnşacılık yaklaşımından beslenen ve ilk kez Ian Manners tarafından öne sürülen "normatif güç Avrupa" kavramı, Macaristan vakası bağlamında incelenecektir. Birliğin uyguladığı süreç incelendiğinde, bu sorun karşısında normatif temelli bir yaklaşım sergilediği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. ; The European Union, which represents a different model of political identity and integration with its fundamental norms such as democracy, the rule of law, and human rights, and is defined as a union of values, has been facing problems in violation of its values by its own member state, Hungary, since 2010. Hence on 12th September, 2018 the European Parliament decided that there was a clear risk that Hungary violated the fundamental values of the union. The fact that such a decision was taken against a member state for the first time in this institution shows the importance of the issue. In this thesis, of which the constructivism constitutes the theoretical framework approach, the concept of "normative power Europe", nurtured from the constructivist approach, and firstly proposed by Ian Manners, based on the claims that the European Union uses its fundamental values as the most significant means in the international politics, will be examined within the context of the case of Hungary. When the process implemented by the Union is examined, it is concluded that it has a normative based approach to this problem.

The aim of this research is to reveal the bibliometric analysis of the published articles on collective memory. For this purpose, journal articles published in the Web of Science database were examined. In the Web of Science database, the keywords; collective memory" was searched in the categories of history, geography, and educational research. The study material is limited to 1986-2021 as the year, English as the publication language and SSCI, ESCI and A&HCI as indexes. The data obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed with the bibliometrix package included in the RStudio program. Related to the subject of collective memory, annual production, the most relevant authors, the most relevant journals, the number of article productions in countries, the most frequently used sources, the most used keywords in the researches and the current trends in the articles on the subject of collective memory were determined in the journal articles. As a result of the research, it was identified that in recent years, when the articles written on the subject of social memory in history, geography and education researches have been increasing and diversifying, issues such as commemorative culture, space, violence, power and politics have created a trend towards this field. It was determined that the most relevant countries for the subject area were the USA, England, Israel, Germany and Canada. In the articles written on collective memory, it was determined that the most frequently used keywords of the researchers were history, politics, identity, memory, war, place, holocaust, and commemoration culture. It is thought that these results will give perspective to researchers who plan to conduct research in this field.

Fluri, P.: Security sector and deomcratiziation. - S. 22-24 Arslan, Z.: The fragile balance between security and human rights. - S. 25-42 Bilgin, P.: The security sector in theory and practice : from "state-centered" security to "citizen-centered" security. - S. 43-61 Eekelen, W.: Convergence of European security systems. - S. 62-67 Kandemir, S.: Private security for more freedom. - S. 68-72 Cerrah, İ.: Mental modernization and democratic oversight in the domestic security sector. - S. 73-100 Bergmans, D.: Police and gendarmerie reform in Belgium. - S. 101-115 Faupin, A.: Providing security : the division of labor armed forces, gendarmerie, police. - S. 116-128 Grudé, C.: The gendarmerie in democratic France. - S. 129-133

It is known that foreign language teaching has become an increasingly important element with the globalizing world. While some countries have reached a higher level in foreign language teaching, some cannot reach the level of success they want. Understanding the foreign language teaching quality of countries is possible by knowing how they shape their education systems. In this study, the secondary school foreign language education systems of Germany and Turkey were examined comparatively. In doing so, education policy, foreign languages taught, curriculum, weekly foreign language course hours, teaching methods and teaching materials were discussed. In this study, the secondary school foreign language education systems of Germany and Turkey were examined comparatively. While doing this, education policy, foreign languages taught, curriculum, weekly foreign language course hours, teaching methods and teaching materials were discussed. The aim is to reveal differences and similarities by comparing education systems and to determine which factors make these schools successful in foreign language education. The aim is to reveal differences and similarities by comparing education systems and to determine which factors make these schools successful in foreign language education. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Literature review, documentation and text analysis were used to collect data. According to the findings of the study, both Germany and Turkey have adopted the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, English as the first foreign language has an important place in the curriculum and the lessons consist of current issues about life. When it comes to differences, it was determined that the curriculum in Germany changed from state to state, more time was allocated to foreign language course hours than in Turkey, and it is richer than the curriculum in Turkey in terms of teaching materials. In addition, with both countries emphasis on communicative approach and communicative skills, it has been determined that the grammar translation method is still applied in schools in Turkey, while Germany has made more progress in foreign language teaching by adopting an action-oriented approach and communicative skills.

Bu çalışmanın amacı genel olarak Avrupa'da artan popülizmi ve özel olarak da Macaristan ve Polonya'daki popülist hükümetleri incelemektir. Birinci bölümde popülizmin kavramsal analizi yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda literatürde yer alan farklı popülizm tanımları ve popülizme dair farklı görüşler ortaya konulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ilk olarak Avrupa'da artan popülizme değinilerek, Avrupa'daki sol popülist siyasi partiler ile sağ popülist siyasi partiler ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra Fidesz öncesi Macar siyasetinin durumu incelenmiş ve böylece Fidesz'in iktidara geliş süreci analiz edilmiştir. Fidesz dönemi gerçekleşen siyasi, iktisadi, hukuki ve sosyal gelişmeler ifade edilmiştir. Bunun akabinde PiS iktidarı ve Polonya'daki dönüşüm değerlendirilmiştir. PiS'in ilk iş olarak Polonya tarihini yeniden yorumlama ve yeniden yazmaya yeltendiği görülmektedir. PiS iktidarının takip ettiği popülist politikaların yanı sıra Katolik Kilisesi ile ilişkilerine de değinilmiştir. Berlin Duvarı'nın yıkılmasıyla Batı sistemiyle bütünleşen ve tercihini kapitalizm ve liberal demokrasiden yana kullanan Macaristan ile Polonya'nın halkın beklentilerine cevap verememesi neticesinde Fidesz ve PiS gibi popülist partilerin bunu kendi lehlerini kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Her iki ülkedeki demokratik standartlarda ve hukukun üstünlüğünde bazı aşınmalar gerçekleşmektedir. Ana akım siyasi partiler inisiyatif almadıkları takdirde bu trendin devam edeceği öngörülebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Popülizm, İdeolojinin Ölümü, Avrupa'da Popülizm, Macaristan, Polonya ; The aim of this study is to examine the increasing populism within Europe in general and the populist governments in Hungary and Poland in particular. In the first part, conceptual analysis of populism is realized. At that juncture, different descriptions of populism within the literature and distinct views regarding populism are revealed. In the second part, the leftist political parties and rightist political parties are evaluated by touching on the subject of the increasing populism in Europe. Afterwards the Hungarian politics before Fidesz are examined and in doing so, the process of Fidesz's coming to power are analyzed. Political, economic, legal and social developments during Fidesz era are explained. After that, the PiS government and the transformation in Poland are examined. It is observed that PiS tried to reinterpret and rewrite the Polish history. PiS's relations along with Catholic Church are examined as well as its populist policies. It is determined that populist political parties such as Fidesz and PiS utilized the fact that both Hungary and Poland could not respond expectations of their citizens despite they preferred capitalism and liberal democracy by integrating into the Western system after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. Some corrosion happened in the both countries in terms of democratic standards and the rule of law. It can be foreseen that this trend will continue unless the mainstream political parties take initiative. Keywords: Populism, Death of Ideology, Populism in Europe, Hungary, Poland

History comes across as a product of the effort to create social memory, written or verbal. It is based on information and documents and avoids emotional biases. Music, on the other hand, is a multifaceted phenomenon and its aim to entertain shapes it. On one hand, it interprets emotions, and on the other hand it bears the social, cultural and historical codes of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it is possible to discover specific details of historical events in the kilams/songs of dengbêjs, important exponents of the Kurdish music of orality. This study focuses on unveiling traces of historical events in the songs of the dengbêjs, in context of the relationship between history and music. Information and documents dealing with the Kozanoğlu events in kilam/songs are compared. A good example of the importance of the dengbêjs in Kurdish history is taken from when in the 19th century, the Ottoman state established a military unit called Fırka-i Islahiye as a part of its policy of asserting its full dominance in rural areas, and also to carry out compulsory resettlement policies. In order to support the operation, the Kurdish chief Sürmeli Memed Pasha set out, taking with him under his auspices Evdale Zeynikê, a dengbej singer. However, the Kurdish troops reaching Kozan were defeated due to the climatic conditions and the cholera epidemic. Witnessing all the events, Evdale Zeynikê sang kilam/songs for every stop on the route and on the death of the Pasha. Throughout this account, which is based in Kurdish culture and immured with a strong dengbêj tradition, it is possible to find details of Kurdish history in the kilams/songs of the dengbêjs.

Emekli topçu yarbayı Amerikalı askeri tarihçi Edward J. Erickson'ın The Turkish War of Independence: A Military History, 1919-1923 adlı yeni kitabı Mayıs 2021'de California'da Praeger Yayınları tarafından basılmıştır. Erickson, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Avrupa ve Orta Doğu'da sahra topçuluğu ve kurmay hizmetlerinde bulunmuş, İzmir'deki NATO Güneydoğu Avrupa Kara Kuvvetleri Karargâhında görev yapmış, İngiltere'deki Leeds Üniversitesi'nden tarih doktorası almış ve şimdiye kadar on altı kitap ve çok sayıda makale yayınlamıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşında Orta Doğu konusunda uzmanlığıyla tanınmıştır. Birinci kitabı olan Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'ın önsözünü zamanın Genelkurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu yazmıştır. Halen New York'ta ikamet eden Erickson Antalya Bilim Üniversitesi'nde uluslararası ilişkiler profesörüdür.