Suchergebnisse

Most accounts of the history of US & British foreign policy since 1945 neglect the role of intelligence not only in implementation but also in policymaking. A study of the influence of the CIA & MI6 in policy & operations before & after the Suez Crisis of 1956 illuminates a more complex "history" that awaits discovery. The CIA worked within an integrated system in the US Executive. It was MI6 that was the "maverick" organization, carrying out an alternative foreign policy that led to British failure in Egypt. Yet, despite the idiocy of MI6's plans, the CIA maintained cooperation with the British service during & after Suez. How to account for this "special relationship"? It was based not on emotional or cultural ties but on the CIA's pragmatic if wayward assessment that MI6 was vital to the achievement of US objectives in the Middle East. The Agency's shortsightedness was not because of Egypt & Nasser, with whom the CIA had a working relationship, but due to its obsession with intervention in Syria. Adapted from the source document.

Explores the socialization of adolescents' attitudes toward the European Union (EU), in particular, the socialization of Dutch adolescents' attitudes toward four neighboring countries: Belgium, Germany, GB, & France. It is frequently thought that experiences related to WWII influence the socialization of attitudes with respect to Germany in contrast to other EU countries. However, secondary analysis of longitudinally collected national-level data reveals no evidence of such a difference. Explanations for changing attitudes over time with respect to Germany are considered. 4 Tables, 3 Figures, 2 Appendixes, 11 References. Adapted from the source document.

The issue of whether Christianity is responsible for engendering the modern managerial state is addressed. The prosecution of individuals who hold unauthorized political opinions in contemporary Germany & the British government's mid- & late-20th-century conflict against racial discrimination are viewed as manifestations of these societies' guilt about their respective pasts. It is asserted that attitudinal changes in the majority populations of Western societies are necessary components of the emergence of therapeutic states. Current liberal Protestant theology is perceived as departing from 19th-century Protestantism's concern with scientific issues; consequently, present-day Protestantism is understood as either highly feminized or as demonstrating a particular social consciousness for those who have been victimized. It is maintained that Protestant theology is becoming increasingly connected with the therapeutic state in the US. Even though most Americans accept the association between religion & liberal social policy, it is noted that this population has shown a decreased interest in Christian theology. J. W. Parker