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Ranulf Higden (d.1364) was a monk at the abbey of St Werburgh in Chester. His most important literary work is this universal chronicle, which survives in over a hundred Latin manuscripts, testifying to its popularity. The earliest version of it dates from 1327, but Higden continued writing until his death, expanding and updating the text. It was also continued in other monastic houses, most importantly by John Malvern of Worcester. The English translation made by John Trevisa in the 1380s was also widely circulated and is included in this work, published in nine volumes for the Rolls Series between 1865 and 1886. The chronicle shows how fourteenth-century scholars understood world history and geography. Volume 2 contains the remainder of Book 1, on the description of Britain, and twenty-eight chapters of Book 2, on the early history of the world to the reign of Saul in Israel

Es handelt sich beim vorliegenden Werk um die kritische Edition der ältesten erhaltenen byzantinischen Weltchronik, der Chronographia des Ioannes Malalas (syrisch: Rhetor oder Rechtsgelehrter). Iohannes Malalas wurde um 490 n. Chr. in oder bei Antiochia geboren und starb um 570/580 n. Chr. Er schrieb seine Chronographia in zeitgenössischem umgangssprachlichem Griechisch. Die Ausgabe umfasst die Prolegomena, die Auskunft geben über die handschriftliche Überlieferung der Chronographia, die Textedition mit reichhaltigem apparatus fontium und minutiösem apparatus criticus, sowie die im CFHB vorgesehenen Indices. Die Edition ersetzt jene von Dindorf (1813 im Bonner Corpus). Sie bietet insofern einen vollständigeren Text als sie zum ersten Mal auch das erste Buch des Werkes enthält und die kirchenslavische Übersetzung des 10./11. Jhs., die einen vollständigeren Text bietet, in Rückübersetzung bei der Texterstellung heranzieht.

Cakrawala : Jurnal Penelitian Sosial. Vol. 5, No. 1, Juni 2016, p. 99-117 ; In the history of UN peace operations, East Timor is one of the peace operations that are considered successful. The role played by the United Nations not only focus on peacemaking efforts with the mediator between Indonesia and Timor Leste freedom fighters, but also in peacekeeping and peacebuilding programs such as peacekeeping operations and the development of economic, political, social and cultural. It is worth noting that the success achieved was due to the revolutionary strategy to evolve the role of the United Nations which is associated in an ad hoc institution with the specific mandate of these institutions. The formation of an ad hoc institution that makes the implementation of the program becomes more focused. Politically, these institutions have managed to map the needs, plans and steps needed to create peace in East Timor. Indeed the success of the strategy process and the United Nations in East Timor could be a recommendation for a model United Nations peacekeeping operation in the world.

ABSTRACT The Concept of Democracy is one of the products of Western thought that has gone through a long history since ancient Greece that was neglected in the development of mainstream discourse, but returned to popularity in the 18th century and became a constant conversation when the wave of democratization hit countries in the world since in the 1970s. What is interesting about the concept of democracy is the inspiration of the thoughts that it gave birth to political transformation in many countries that inspired to inspire many scholars and activists in many developing countries who were also struggling with autocratic regimes to deepen it. Democratic reforms have always been special news in various mass media, both in newspapers, television, and not only discussed in general contexts, such as in mass media, but also in more specialized public spaces. For example, it was seen when the first direct presidential election in Indonesia after the New Order was broadcast widely and attracted the attention of the world's citizens. Democracy is also discussed in restaurants, football stadiums, malls, terminals and many other places including Nobar (Watching goods) Presidential / Cawapres debate ahead of the 2019 Presidential Election. This reality shows that democracy has been accepted as an important word in the present century. But the problems that need to get mutual attention, how the democratization process takes place, the key actors, the interaction between actors what will be achieved, the driving factors and obstacles to the democratization process. Keywords: Democracy, Democratization Process, Reformation, Interactionbetween actors