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In a modern global historical context, scholars have often regarded piracy as an essentially European concept which was inappropriately applied by the expanding European powers to the rest of the world, mainly for the purpose of furthering colonial forms of domination in the economic, political, military, legal and cultural spheres. By contrast, this edited volume highlights the relevance of both European and non-European understandings of piracy to the development of global maritime security and freedom of navigation. It explores the significance of 'legal posturing' on the part of those accused of piracy, as well as the existence of non-European laws and regulations regarding piracy and related forms of maritime violence in the early modern era. The authors in Piracy in World History highlight cases from various parts of the early-modern world, thereby explaining piracy as a global phenomenon.

Making Sense of World History is a comprehensive and accessible textbook that helps students understand the key themes of world history within a chronological framework stretching from ancient times to the present day. To lend coherence to its narrative, the book employs a set of organizing devices that connect times, places, and/or themes. This narrative is supported by: Flowcharts that show how phenomena within diverse broad themes interact in generating key processes and events in world history. A discussion of the common challenges faced by different types of agent, including rulers, merchants, farmers, and parents, and a comparison of how these challenges were addressed in different times and places. An exhaustive and balanced treatment of themes such as culture, politics, and economy, with an emphasis on interaction. Explicit attention to skill acquisition in organizing information, cultural sensitivity, comparison, visual literacy, integration, interrogating primary sources, and critical thinking. A focus on historical "episodes" that are carefully related to each other. Through the use of such devices, the book shows the cumulative effect of thematic interactions through time, communicates the many ways in which societies have influenced each other through history, and allows us to compare and contrast how they have reacted to similar challenges. They also allow the reader to transcend historical controversies and can be used to stimulate class discussions and guide student assignments. With a unified authorial voice and offering a narrative from the ancient to the present, this is the go-to textbook for World History courses and students.

An integral part of the eastern German and Prussian social and economic landscape for 700 years, the region known as Memel was stripped from direct German rule according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I. The Memel territory, alternatively known as 'Memelland'83 to the Germans and the "Klaipeda Region" to the Lithuanians, included the city of Memel and a swath of surrounding former Prussian territory north of the Niemen River.84 The fate of the territory and its 141,000 people was initially left to a relatively disorganized and poorly-established council meant to maintain it similar to a Danzig-style League of Nations mandate "free city," with the objective of providing port access to the port-less and newly-created state of Lithuania.85 This move, as well as other decisions made by the authors of the Paris Peace agreements, ignited political wrangling and inflamed tensions throughout Europe as a whole in the 1920s and 1930s.

In recent decades, the vast and culturally diverse Indian Ocean region has increasingly attracted the attention of anthropologists, historians, political scientists, sociologists, and other researchers. Largely missing from this growing body of scholarship, however, are significant contributions by archaeologists and consciously interdisciplinary approaches to studying the region's past and present. Connecting Continents addresses two important issues: how best to promote collaborative research on the Indian Ocean world, and how to shape the research agenda for a region that has only recently begun to attract serious interest from historical archaeologists. The archaeologists, historians, and other scholars who have contributed to this volume tackle important topics such as the nature and dynamics of migration, colonization, and cultural syncretism that are central to understanding the human experience in the Indian Ocean basin. This groundbreaking work also deepens our understanding of topics of increasing scholarly and popular interest, such as the ways in which people construct and understand their heritage and can make use of exciting new technologies like DNA and environmental analysis. Because it adopts such an explicitly comparative approach to the Indian Ocean, Connecting Continents provides a compelling model for multidisciplinary approaches to studying other parts of the globe. Contributors: Richard B. Allen, Edward A. Alpers, Atholl Anderson, Nicole Boivin, Diego Calaon, Aaron Camens, Saša Čaval, Geoffrey Clark, Alison Crowther, Corinne Forest, Simon Haberle, Diana Heise, Mark Horton, Paul Lane, Martin Mhando, and Alistair Patterson.

A People's History of the Second World War unearths the fascinating history of the war as fought 'from below'. Until now, the vast majority of historical accounts have focussed on the conflict between the Allied and Axis powers for imperialist mastery. Donny Gluckstein shows that in fact between 1939 and 1945 two distinct wars were fought – one 'from above' and one 'from below'. Using examples from countries under the Nazi heel, in the colonies and within the Axis and Allied camps, Gluckstein brings to life the very different struggle of the people's and resistance movements which proliferated during the war. He shows how they fought not just fascism, but colonialism and empire, and were betrayed by the Allies at the war's end. This book will fundamentally challenge our understanding of the Second World War – both about the people who fought it and the reasons for which it was fought.

The article focuses on scientific, practical and socio-political importance of the multivolume "Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine" compiled and published by the Institute of History of Ukraine, the Academy of Science of Ukraine. The paper estimates specific character of Encyclopedia, its structure, content and logical coherence, interrelatedness of separate thematic blocks and articles covering world history issues. The materials selected for the Encyclopedia proved to be thoroughly researched and are based on specific examples. They are mainly related to the landmark political and social events in the world history which affected the fate of Ukraine and its people. Cultural overviews place a great focus on the relations between various states and Ukraine, highlight key events in international relations and their relevance to Ukraine and the "Ukrainian Question", spotlight foreign policy of Ukraine. Much attention is paid to outstanding personalities (state leaders, politicians, scientists, cultural figures) who left a rich legacy in the history of the country. ; У статті розкривається наукове, практичне й громадсько-політичне значення підготовки і видання Інститутом історії України НАН України багатотомної «Енциклопедії історії України». Дається загальна характеристика специфіки її побудови, передусім змісту та логічної підпорядкованості й взаємопов'язаності тих сюжетно-тематичних блоків та окремих статей-гасел, що стосуються проблем всесвітньої історії. На конкретних прикладах висвітлюється ступінь вивчення й основний зміст представлених в енциклопедії матеріалів про головні політичні і суспільні події та явища світової історії з акцентуванням на їхньому впливі на долю українців та України; країнознавчі нариси, з виділенням сюжетів про взаємовідносини відповідної держави та України; основні події міжнародного життя й відносин та їх дотичність до України або «українського питання»; міжнародні зв'язки українського народу та зовнішню політику України, а також про окремих визначних особистостей планети (державних діячів, політиків, вчених, діячів культури), діяльність яких причетна до України.

Report of a workshop held July 13-15, 1983 at the U.S. Air Force Academy. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

One of the greatest Romantic historians and immensely popular during his lifetime, Jules Michelet (1798-1874) fell into disfavour among the positivist historians who came after him and who regarded his work with disdain as "literature." In the 1920s and 30s, however, he began to be rediscovered and rehabilitated by the members of the influential Annales school. The objects of Michelet's interest—living conditions, popular mentalities, laws and the arts, the historian's relation to the objects of his study, no less than political history—have since come to occupy a central place in modern historical research.

"1 August 1983." ; Proceedings of a conference held at the U.S. Air Force Academy on May 12-14, 1982, and sponsored by the Academy's Dept. of History and the American Historical Association. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-93). ; Mode of access: Internet.

For millions of years, the Arctic has been the world's most important "barometer of global change and amplifier of global warming." For twenty thousand years, the Arctic has been the homeland of modern human settlement, and it has played a central role in the interplay between global climate change and human migration throughout Eurasia and the Americas. Since the late fifteenth century, Arctic aboriginal peoples, lands, and seas have been thoroughly integrated into the international history of European trade, capitalism, and colonization; the territorial expansion of modern nation states; and the transnational strategic history since the outset of the Cold War, including the continued basing of nuclear-armed missiles, bombers, and submarines throughout the Arctic region. Appreciation of this international history can provide lessons for contemporary policymakers to help mitigate grave risks to human life and biodiversity in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. For example, this Article calls for negotiations between the U.S., NATO, and the Russian Federation on the basis of Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev's 1987 proposal to transform the Arctic into "a zone of peace" and, specifically, to establish "a nuclear free-zone in northern Europe." In conclusion, this Article identifies how deeply embedded global systems of political economy and international relations continue to shape recent developments in the Arctic at this time of exacerbated climate change and resulting ecological crisis. Appreciation of the Arctic's environmental history can help decision-makers to more knowledgeably and effectively support indigenous self-determination, resource conservation, and environmental stewardship throughout the circumpolar bioregion.

Vols. 1-2 have title: The first book military history of World War II. ; [1] European land battles, 1939-1943.--[2] European land battles, 1944-1945.--3. Land battles: North Africa, Sicily, and Italy.--4. The naval war in the West: the raiders.--5. The naval war in the West: the wolf packs.--6. The air war in the West, September 1939-May 1941.--7. The air war in the West, June 1941-April 1945.--8. Asiatic land battles: the expansion of Japan in Asia.--9. Asiatic land battles: Japanese ambitions in the Pacific.--10. Asiatic land battles: Allied victories in China and Burma.--11. The naval war in the Pacific: the Rising Sun of Nippon.--12. The naval war in the Pacific: on to Tokyo.--13. The air war in the Pacific: air power leads the way.--14. The air war in the Pacific: victory in the air.--15. European resistance movements.--16. Asian and Axis resistance movements.--17. Combat leaders of World War II.--18. Strategic direction of World War II. ; Mode of access: Internet.

International audience The present article analyzes the world order in the past, present and future as well as the main factors, foundations and ideas underlying the maintaining and change of the international and global order. The first two sections investigate the evolution of the world order starting from the ancient times up to the late twentieth century. The third section analyzes the origin and decline of the world order based on the American hegemony. The authors reveal the contradictions of the current uni-polar world and explain in what way globalization has become more profitable for the developing countries but not for the developed ones. The authors also explain the strengthening belief that the US leading status will inevitably weaken. In this connection we discuss the alternatives of the American strategy and the possibility of the renaissance of the American leadership. The last section presents a factor analysis which allows stating that the world is shifting toward a new balance of power and is likely to become the world without a leader. The new world order will consist of a number of large blocks, coalitions and countries acting within a framework of rules and mutual responsibility. However, the transition to a new world order will take certain time (about two decades). This period, which we denote as the epoch of new coalitions, will involve a reconfiguration of the World System and bring an increasing turbulence and conflict intensity.

The book examines the growing tension between social movements that embrace egalitarian and inclusivist views of national and global politics, most notably classical liberalism, and those that advance social hierarchy and national exclusivism, such as neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and national populism. In exploring issues relating to tensions and conflicts around globalization, the book identifies historical patterns of convergence and divergence rooted in the monotheistic traditions, beginning with the ancient Israelites that dominated the Near East during the Axial age, through Islamic civilization, and finally by considering the idealism-realism tensions in modern times. One thing remained constant throughout the various historical stages that preceded our current moment of global convergence: a recurring tension between transcendental idealism and various forms of realism. Transcendental idealism, which prioritize egalitarian and universal values, pushed periodically against the forces of realism that privilege established law and power structure. Equipped with the idealism-realism framework, the book examines the consequences of European realism that justified the imperialistic venture into Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America in the name of liberation and liberalization. The ill-conceived strategy has, ironically, engendered the very dysfunctional societies that produce the waves of immigrants in constant motion from the South to the North, simultaneously as it fostered the social hierarchy that transfer external tensions into identity politics within the countries of the North. The book focuses particularly on the role played historically by Islamic rationalism in translating the monotheistic egalitarian outlook into the institutions of religious pluralism, legislative and legal autonomy, and scientific enterprise at the foundation of modern society. It concludes by shedding light on the significance of the Muslim presence in Western cultures as humanity draws slowly but consistently towards what we may come to recognize as the Global Age.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003203360, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): HISTORY TEK, WAR & ECONOMY TEK Lesson Objective(S): 1. TLW Analyze and Explain The Cause And Effect Of Vietnam War. 2. TLW Utilize The Letters of Freddy Gonzalez and Make Inferences of His Two Tours In Vietnam. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: Group or shared paired with extra time.

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 2A, 2B, 19B, 21BCD Lesson objective(s): 1. TLW analyze and explain the cause and effects of the Vietnam War. 2.TLW analyze and explain the letters of Freddy Gonzalez and how he played a part in the Vietnam War. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: The teacher will make individual copy of graphic organizer to each student. The teacher will give extra time to accommodate certain students. The teacher will allow group work and partner work.