Suchergebnisse

The article presents the results of the household living standards research based on the analysis of consumption expenditure by voivodships. The research was conducted with the exception of voivodship capitals as they are national development centers with higher consumption. The assessment of the level and structure of consumption in the Mazowieckie voivodship made the authors narrow the scope of data, which showed a significant overestimation of the results due to the presence of Warsaw in the dataset.
Taxonomic analysis methods in the form of classical and order measure were used in the research. The analysis was based on the set of characteristics generated on the basis of data for 2014 from the Household Budget Survey carried out by the CSO. Particular attention was paid to the households expenditure for which the need of aggregate variable construction was emphasized, related to leisure time spending as one of the living standard measure.

Sustainable food production, responsible consumption, poverty reduction, and decent living standards are important global objectives reflected in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In achieving these goals, agricultural trade plays a major role. Research has shown that benefits from trade liberalization include poverty alleviation, decreasing food prices due to production advantages and competition, and an increased variety of and access to food products. In the light of continuing poverty and food insecurity in low- and middle-income countries, imports and exports ar...

Sustainable food production, responsible consumption, poverty reduction, and decent living standards are important global objectives reflected in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In achieving these goals, agricultural trade plays a major role. Research has shown that benefits from trade liberalization include poverty alleviation, decreasing food prices due to production advantages and competition, and an increased variety of and access to food products. In the light of continuing poverty and food insecurity in low- and middle-income countries, imports and exports ar...

AbstractAfrica's experience with return migration is not new. However, few empirical studies have examined the social and economic characteristics of returning migrants within the continent. In this study, the human capital endowments and household living standards of returning migrants in Uganda and South Africa are examined using recently available data. The study compares returnees in both countries with immigrants as well as the native‐born population with no international migration experience. It also investigates how factors such as previous country of residence, year of arrival, and other demographic factors predict levels of education and living standards among returning migrants. In Uganda, the results show that recently arrived returning migrants had better educational endowments than both immigrants and non‐migrants. Migrants who returned to Uganda following the fall of Idi Amin's regime had the lowest educational levels and lowest living standards compared to other returnees. Furthermore, the results indicate that previous residence in countries in the West was associated with four additional years of schooling while returning migrants arriving from other African countries had the lowest levels of schooling among returning migrants. In South Africa, the study finds that returnees arriving almost immediately following the end of Apartheid had the highest levels of education compared to either immigrants or non‐migrants. Returnees on average also had the highest household living standards in South Africa. Among South African immigrants, the results indicate that those arriving towards the end of the century had lower educational endowments compared to immigrants who arrived in the country two to four years after the end of Apartheid.

On the eve of the 1978, the World Health Organization has had a conference marked by the Alma Ata Declaration regarding primary health care. From this conference, the Cameroonian government took upon itself to guarantee equity on health care within the framework of a development policy oriented towards attaining social justice and assuring "health for all by the year 2000". It is from this perspective that, in 2002, a research program based on health in the urban settings was conducted in order to examine the status of health of the population. The objective of this study was to identify diarrhea risk factors in the city and to measure their prevalence and establish their spatial distribution in order to be able to evaluate the degree of progress achieved in the area of infant health since 1978. Microbiological tests revealed a diarrhea prevalence of 14.4%. Amongst all risk factors examined, the standard of living of households was closely linked to the incidence of diarrhea in Yaoundé. In addition, it was established that the incidence of diarrhea varied considerably from individual and area level.