Suchergebnisse

We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study in order to quantify
the economy-wide monetary gains achieved by Household-Size
Economies, due to the within-household sharing of goods by individuals
living in multi-member households. In most of the twenty countries
we examine, we observe a decline in monetary gains achieved
by Household-Size Economies over time. This decline is the result
of a demographic trend towards smaller-sized household units, rather
than a change in the shares of aggregate disposable income earned by
household types of different size.

Most evidence for the resource curse comes from cross-country growth regressions suffers from a bias originating from the high and ever-evolving volatility in commodity prices. This paper addresses these issues by providing new cross-country empirical evidence for the effect of resources in income per capita. Natural resource dependence (resource exports) has a significant negative effect on income per capita, especially in countries with bad rule of law or bad policies, but these results weaken substantially once we allow for endogeneity. However, the more exogenous measure of resource abundance (stock of natural capital) has a significant negative effect on income per capita even after controlling for geography, rule of law and de facto or de jure trade openness. Furthermore, this effect is more severe for countries that have little de jure trade openness. These results are robust to using alternative measures of institutional quality (expropriation and corruption instead of rule of law).

In this article, we analyse the dynamics of household per capita incomes using longitudinal data from Indonesia, South Africa, Spain and Venezuela. We find that in all four countries reported initial income and job changes of the head are consistently the most important variables in accounting for income changes, overall and for initially poor households. We also find that changes in income are more important than changes in household size and that changes in labour earnings are more important than changes in other sources of household income. (Original abstract)