Suchergebnisse

Ideological, political, sociological, psychological, pedagogical and medical foundations of social work are presented in the article. The information is necessary for the training of social workers and especially - preparing social pedagogues and teachers.

Ideological, political, sociological, psychological, pedagogical and medical foundations of social work are presented in the article. The information is necessary for the training of social workers and especially - preparing social pedagogues and teachers.

The paper focuses on the issues of philosophical foundations of science policy theoreticians, experts and educators. These persons eagerly contain human prosperity within a (quasi)scientific agenda. The paper contends that this universal techno-scientific approach is not directly connected with and owes very little to the socio-political arrangements of certain governments or agencies. Therefore, the claim that societal challenges ought to be dealt with scientifically should be separated from the claim that the techno-scientific problem-solving is the only virtuous way to human enhancement. Consequently, the issues of scientific autonomy and representationist and nonrepresentationist paradigms of scientific knowledge are considered and their brief conceptual assessment is proposed.

The paper focuses on the issues of philosophical foundations of science policy theoreticians, experts and educators. These persons eagerly contain human prosperity within a (quasi)scientific agenda. The paper contends that this universal techno-scientific approach is not directly connected with and owes very little to the socio-political arrangements of certain governments or agencies. Therefore, the claim that societal challenges ought to be dealt with scientifically should be separated from the claim that the techno-scientific problem-solving is the only virtuous way to human enhancement. Consequently, the issues of scientific autonomy and representationist and nonrepresentationist paradigms of scientific knowledge are considered and their brief conceptual assessment is proposed.

Constitutional Foundations of Taxation: A Historical Analysis The constitutional bases of taxes are expressis verbis enshrined in Clause 15 of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (the Seimas establishes state taxes and other obligatory payments), Part 2 of Article 127 (state budget revenues are formed from taxes, obligatory payments, fees, revenues from state property and other revenues) and Part 3 of Article 127 (taxes, other contributions to budgets and fees are established by the laws of the Republic of Lithuania). This Master's thesis analyzes the constitutional bases of taxes enshrined in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928, the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938 and the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992 and the interpretation of these bases in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The first part examines the provisions regulating the tax institute enshrined in the historical Constitutions of the State of Lithuania (in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928 and the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938), reveals the historical and political circumstances of the adoption of these Constitutions that influenced the adoption of these provisions. The second part analyzes the tax bases enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992, based on the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania analyzes the interpretation of the term "taxes" and the content of constitutional principles inseparable from the tax institute. In the third part of the Master's thesis, the main attention is paid to the analysis and historical development of the rulings of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, which examined the compliance of Lithuanian legal acts with the constitutional bases of taxes.

Constitutional Foundations of Taxation: A Historical Analysis The constitutional bases of taxes are expressis verbis enshrined in Clause 15 of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (the Seimas establishes state taxes and other obligatory payments), Part 2 of Article 127 (state budget revenues are formed from taxes, obligatory payments, fees, revenues from state property and other revenues) and Part 3 of Article 127 (taxes, other contributions to budgets and fees are established by the laws of the Republic of Lithuania). This Master's thesis analyzes the constitutional bases of taxes enshrined in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928, the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938 and the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992 and the interpretation of these bases in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The first part examines the provisions regulating the tax institute enshrined in the historical Constitutions of the State of Lithuania (in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928 and the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938), reveals the historical and political circumstances of the adoption of these Constitutions that influenced the adoption of these provisions. The second part analyzes the tax bases enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992, based on the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania analyzes the interpretation of the term "taxes" and the content of constitutional principles inseparable from the tax institute. In the third part of the Master's thesis, the main attention is paid to the analysis and historical development of the rulings of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, which examined the compliance of Lithuanian legal acts with the constitutional bases of taxes.

Constitutional Foundations of Taxation: A Historical Analysis The constitutional bases of taxes are expressis verbis enshrined in Clause 15 of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (the Seimas establishes state taxes and other obligatory payments), Part 2 of Article 127 (state budget revenues are formed from taxes, obligatory payments, fees, revenues from state property and other revenues) and Part 3 of Article 127 (taxes, other contributions to budgets and fees are established by the laws of the Republic of Lithuania). This Master's thesis analyzes the constitutional bases of taxes enshrined in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928, the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938 and the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992 and the interpretation of these bases in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The first part examines the provisions regulating the tax institute enshrined in the historical Constitutions of the State of Lithuania (in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928 and the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938), reveals the historical and political circumstances of the adoption of these Constitutions that influenced the adoption of these provisions. The second part analyzes the tax bases enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992, based on the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania analyzes the interpretation of the term "taxes" and the content of constitutional principles inseparable from the tax institute. In the third part of the Master's thesis, the main attention is paid to the analysis and historical development of the rulings of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, which examined the compliance of Lithuanian legal acts with the constitutional bases of taxes.

Constitutional Foundations of Taxation: A Historical Analysis The constitutional bases of taxes are expressis verbis enshrined in Clause 15 of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (the Seimas establishes state taxes and other obligatory payments), Part 2 of Article 127 (state budget revenues are formed from taxes, obligatory payments, fees, revenues from state property and other revenues) and Part 3 of Article 127 (taxes, other contributions to budgets and fees are established by the laws of the Republic of Lithuania). This Master's thesis analyzes the constitutional bases of taxes enshrined in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928, the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938 and the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992 and the interpretation of these bases in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The first part examines the provisions regulating the tax institute enshrined in the historical Constitutions of the State of Lithuania (in the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1922, the Constitution of the State of Lithuania of 1928 and the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938), reveals the historical and political circumstances of the adoption of these Constitutions that influenced the adoption of these provisions. The second part analyzes the tax bases enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992, based on the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania analyzes the interpretation of the term "taxes" and the content of constitutional principles inseparable from the tax institute. In the third part of the Master's thesis, the main attention is paid to the analysis and historical development of the rulings of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, which examined the compliance of Lithuanian legal acts with the constitutional bases of taxes.

Further on, the article deals with the interrelation between individual and general attributes of interest in law. The author claims that the category of public interest means not only quantity, but also quality. Therefore, a subject of public interest is not the only element that describes the category under investigation. Interests of individuals, the whole society and the state must be in accord with each other. In a democratic state, a compromise should be found between the interests of all subjects, because an individual, the society and the state are values for each other, their interests depend on and influence the development of every subject. A violation of the interests of one subject automatically causes a violation of the interests of another subject; in this situation neither a consecutive development of all earlier mentioned subjects is possible nor a common welfare can be achieved. The fourth chapter of the article deals with the object of public interest. By analyzing the introductory part of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania, the author states that objects of public interest are goods and values that are embedded in norms and principles of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. The author stresses that the main and the greatest value and, therefore, the main object of public interest is the human and his rights.

Further on, the article deals with the interrelation between individual and general attributes of interest in law. The author claims that the category of public interest means not only quantity, but also quality. Therefore, a subject of public interest is not the only element that describes the category under investigation. Interests of individuals, the whole society and the state must be in accord with each other. In a democratic state, a compromise should be found between the interests of all subjects, because an individual, the society and the state are values for each other, their interests depend on and influence the development of every subject. A violation of the interests of one subject automatically causes a violation of the interests of another subject; in this situation neither a consecutive development of all earlier mentioned subjects is possible nor a common welfare can be achieved. The fourth chapter of the article deals with the object of public interest. By analyzing the introductory part of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania, the author states that objects of public interest are goods and values that are embedded in norms and principles of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. The author stresses that the main and the greatest value and, therefore, the main object of public interest is the human and his rights.

An architecture and landscape of Klaipeda is formed due to historical circumstances. The development of public spaces was influenced of inconsistent Klaipeda urban, architectural processes and political, economic crisis. Particularly, old town area of Klaipeda suffered during the Second Worl war, but fortunatly remained part of the old buildings that have stood the architectural details, emphasizing the uniqueness of this region. The beginning of the post-war construction, development of planned economy have been taken to restore the city's industry and port functions. One of the most beautiful old town area is along the Curonian Lagoon and the River Dane, which was transformed into an industrial and port serving area. Public spaces, residential buildings and other objects designed by method of Soviet typical presence. Residential zone is appropriate expanded in the northern part of the city. The space for public demands is moved away from the center. Approach to architecture and urban planning has changed radically after restoration of independence. Today old buildings of Klaipeda are restored, castle area is managed and updated. The John's hill is put in order and given to public interests. Anglers street Reconstruction is scheduled - there should be a pedestrian walkway. One after the other projects are springing up to the aim – to adapt historic places of Klaipeda for recreational public activities. The aim is to develop Latvians - the city by the sea and the bay - image.

In Lithuania at the end of the XX century the doctrine of juridical positivism was substituted to the sociological concept of law. The object of the science of law history was substantially extended. Law history was substituted to the history of legal system. The concept of the law history of the West and the formalion of the Western legal tradition, proposed by H. J. Berman, became the basis of the science of law history in Lithuania. Was created the pluralistic and nonconflict model of the legal system of the Great Duchy of Lithuania as the prototype of the legal system of the European Union. Because the existing paradigm of law gradually grows antiquated, has already been created the new paradigm, in which are combined the elements of the social sciences and humanities, physics, biochemistry and the technological sciences. In this year the Institute of the law history of the Law faculty of Vilnius university proposed the new theme of the postgraduate studies – "Law and scientific progress". This theme completely corresponds to the policy of Vilnius university and will be coordinated with the reforms, which now are achieved at the university.

In Lithuania at the end of the XX century the doctrine of juridical positivism was substituted to the sociological concept of law. The object of the science of law history was substantially extended. Law history was substituted to the history of legal system. The concept of the law history of the West and the formalion of the Western legal tradition, proposed by H. J. Berman, became the basis of the science of law history in Lithuania. Was created the pluralistic and nonconflict model of the legal system of the Great Duchy of Lithuania as the prototype of the legal system of the European Union. Because the existing paradigm of law gradually grows antiquated, has already been created the new paradigm, in which are combined the elements of the social sciences and humanities, physics, biochemistry and the technological sciences. In this year the Institute of the law history of the Law faculty of Vilnius university proposed the new theme of the postgraduate studies – "Law and scientific progress". This theme completely corresponds to the policy of Vilnius university and will be coordinated with the reforms, which now are achieved at the university.

In Lithuania at the end of the XX century the doctrine of juridical positivism was substituted to the sociological concept of law. The object of the science of law history was substantially extended. Law history was substituted to the history of legal system. The concept of the law history of the West and the formalion of the Western legal tradition, proposed by H. J. Berman, became the basis of the science of law history in Lithuania. Was created the pluralistic and nonconflict model of the legal system of the Great Duchy of Lithuania as the prototype of the legal system of the European Union. Because the existing paradigm of law gradually grows antiquated, has already been created the new paradigm, in which are combined the elements of the social sciences and humanities, physics, biochemistry and the technological sciences. In this year the Institute of the law history of the Law faculty of Vilnius university proposed the new theme of the postgraduate studies – "Law and scientific progress". This theme completely corresponds to the policy of Vilnius university and will be coordinated with the reforms, which now are achieved at the university.

In Lithuania at the end of the XX century the doctrine of juridical positivism was substituted to the sociological concept of law. The object of the science of law history was substantially extended. Law history was substituted to the history of legal system. The concept of the law history of the West and the formalion of the Western legal tradition, proposed by H. J. Berman, became the basis of the science of law history in Lithuania. Was created the pluralistic and nonconflict model of the legal system of the Great Duchy of Lithuania as the prototype of the legal system of the European Union. Because the existing paradigm of law gradually grows antiquated, has already been created the new paradigm, in which are combined the elements of the social sciences and humanities, physics, biochemistry and the technological sciences. In this year the Institute of the law history of the Law faculty of Vilnius university proposed the new theme of the postgraduate studies – "Law and scientific progress". This theme completely corresponds to the policy of Vilnius university and will be coordinated with the reforms, which now are achieved at the university.