Suchergebnisse

Scientific connections between Polish People's Republic and The Second Yugoslavia were a very important element of the bilateral relations between both countries. The mechanisms and rules of the scientific cooperation were similar to the rules and mechanisms of the cultural cooperation and faced the same constraints and possibilities. Types of institutions existing in the field of culture had their correspondences in the field of science and education. Developing of the scientific cooperation was not a strategic aim for both countries in the interwar period as well as during the Communism due to the situation on the international political scene. In the era of globalization, in the context of international scientific cooperation, interslavic relations has become the weakest in the last two centuries. Nowadays, even more than before, the scientific cooperation between all Slavic countries depends on individuals and their involvement. ; Scientific connections between Polish People's Republic and The Second Yugoslavia were a very important element of the bilateral relations between both countries. The mechanisms and rules of the scientific cooperation were similar to the rules and mechanisms of the cultural cooperation and faced the same constraints and possibilities. Types of institutions existing in the field of culture had their correspondences in the field of science and education. Developing of the scientific cooperation was not a strategic aim for both countries in the interwar period as well as during the Communism due to the situation on the international political scene. In the era of globalization, in the context of international scientific cooperation, interslavic relations has become the weakest in the last two centuries. Nowadays, even more than before, the scientific cooperation between all Slavic countries depends on individuals and their involvement.

The author presents the conception of using foreign trade turnovers as well as the main elements and principles of the system of foreign trade in conditions of Poland's economy. At the beginning the author is analizing means of using foreign trade in a planning economy in short and long terms. Then he passes over to the basic problem: to the concept of a construction of the mechanism of foreign trade in the system of our economy. The essential elements of actual mechanism of foreign trade are as follows: 1) concentration of almost all decisions concerning the economic foreign transaction on the central level, 2) choice of the commodity structure of foreign trade on the basic calculation of the central plan, 3) institutional and economic separation of the foreign trade from production, 4) autonomous character of the system of home market prices in regard to the world market prices, 5) sovereign of a monetary system and the passive function of the rate of exchange. The last part of this article consists of analyzing directions of the evolution of the mechanism of foreign trade. The author presents here these reforms mainly, which in result of the sharp criticism of the previous system consist of a certain degree of decentralization of management of foreign trade. The deviations from the assumptions of this model concerning here are: activity of the calculation enterprises and incentives at the level of the enterprise, decentralization of certain decisions in foreign trade, and incentival action of prices system in the sphere of the plan fulfillment. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

The subject of the analysis in the article is the participation of the local government administration in running a cultural institution. The situation in the Podlaskie voivodship has been analyzed on a nationwide basis. The main problems focus on the principles and methods of financing cultural institutions by regional self-government and various ways of obtaining additional, extra-budgetary funding for their activities, especially from Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the European Union. The author points to spatial, social, and financial diversification related to the access to cultural events and participation in them using the example of Podlaskie voivodship. He propounds greater professionalisation related to running cultural institutions at the level of the voivodship as well as conducting pro-development cultural policy by local government units. He also stresses the need for activating local and regional communities in connection with cultural events and participation in organizing them. Participation in culture at the local and regional level and prudent government policy in this area are the foundation for building a strong social and regional identity.

Owing to current events in Belarus (political and social, including the economic crisis and the ongoing activities that are having a negative impact on the functioning of opposition movements), the country is becoming an arena of competition for influence. In the context of the subject of this analysis, rivalry, especially in terms of the influence of other states on Belarusian society, is of key importance. Science diplomacy may be a tool of competition for influence. The fact that science diplomacy can be both a tool with which to cooperate with other countries in the region and a tool of competition for influence is of key importance in analysing this problem. The scientific potential of the Belarusian community is also of interest to other countries, including Ukraine, Lithuania, and Germany. The effective and efficient implementation of science diplomacy activities towards Belarus is undoubtedly in line with the well-understood Polish national interest. The aim of the article was to conduct a political and legal analysis of the process by which Poland is using science diplomacy as a tool for influencing the scientific community of Belarus. Another research goal was to analyse the activities undertaken by two other countries in the region – Ukraine and Lithuania – with respect to science diplomacy. The article also aimed to analyse the formal and legal conditions related to the normative solutions used in the countries under analysis, enabling the undertaking and implementation of education by Belarusian citizens. The educational and scientific programmes offered to students and scientists from Belarus in Poland were also subject to legal analyses. The whole analysis is supplemented and concluded by an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the activities carried out so far.

The thesis aims to describe the process of European integration in the social and economic fields. The increase in the social participation of non-Governmental Organisations in the work of the European Union and the strengthening of their positions by EU instruments have resulted from the implementation of the assumptions of the so-called Lisbon Strategy. The main assumption of the presented considerations is to show the process of the formation of new European Union regulations. The reason for initiating legislative activities for charity outside the borders of the EU countries is the number of judgements of the European Court of Justice forbidding discrimination againstorganisations from different EU countries. The thesis aims to present the results of analyses obtained under the Feasibility Study commissioned by the European Commission, public consultations and the role of the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ongoing legislative process. ; Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim

Report on the 4th Seminar on Public Policy: Polish Historical, Educational and Scientific Policy. Organizer: Collegium of Economics and Social Sciences, Warsaw School of Economics, May 29, 2015.

Scientific literature presents the labour market policy in Poland in an abstract way: through the prism of statistics, expenditure, regulations and organisational structures. However, we know very little about everyday work of public employment services (Powiatowe Urzędy Pracy, PUP), i.e. institutions created in response to a major societal problem of the unemployment. Referring to the research results, inspired by the street-level bureaucracy perspective, this paper explains why it is important to analyse routine, mundane activities of frontline staff of PUP. It also reconstructs which elements of academic narratives on the labour market policy in Poland move us away from the understanding of typical aspects of this administrative world.

Over recent years, open access has developed very dynamically in the world. Many countries have implemented an open access policy and created different ways to publicize the results of scientific research. There are many rules and guidelines related to it, among others Plan S, which aims to implement from 2020 full and unrestricted access to publications resulting from the results of research financed from public funds. The introduction of such activities involves signing and, in particular, transforming existing contracts with publisher into agreements based on the principles of open access the so-called transformative agreements. Standards are created to support national consortia and libraries in negotiating the implementation of a new type of contract, eg. five negotiation rules with LIBER publishers (Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche – Association of European Research Libraries). The aim of the paper is to present good practices and familiarize with activities implemented in the world in the implementation of open access strategies, in particular policies of selected European Union countries in negotiations with scientific publishers, which may become an inspiration for activities related to openness in science implemented in Poland. ; Przez ostatnie lata otwarty dostęp rozwijał się na świecie bardzo dynamicznie. Wiele krajów wdrożyło politykę otwartego dostępu i utworzyło różne ścieżki upubliczniania wyników badań naukowych. Powstało wiele zasad i wytycznych z tym związanych m.in. Plan S, którego celem jest wdrożenie od 2020 r. pełnego i nieograniczonego dostępu do publikacji powstających z wyników badań finansowanych ze środków publicznych. Z wprowadzeniem tego typu działań związane jest podpisywanie, a w szczególności przekształcanie dotychczasowych umów z wydawcami na umowy oparte na zasadach otwartego dostępu (ang. transformative agreements). Tworzone są standardy pozwalające na wsparcie konsorcjów krajowych i bibliotek w negocjowaniu wdrażania nowego typu umów np. pięć zasad negocjacji z wydawcami LIBER (Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche – Stowarzyszenie Europejskich Bibliotek Naukowych). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dobrych praktyk i przybliżenie działań realizowanych na świecie w zakresie wprowadzania strategii otwartego dostępu, a zwłaszcza polityk wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej w negocjacjach z wydawcami naukowymi, które mogą stać się inspiracją do działań związanych z otwartością w nauce realizowanych w Polsce.

The article is aimed at assessing the regulations of the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes, opened for signature in Strasbourg on 18 March 1986, and Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in the context of their impact on the number of procedures which set out a model for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in European countries, in the perspective of their impact on the reduction of the number of scientific procedures using animals carried out in European countries, including especially those involving the highest degree of suffering for animals. The starting point for this assessment was the identification of rules determining the admissibility of scientific use of animals in European countries and the impact that certain measures implemented under these rules may have on the reduction of the number of procedures involving animals. In principle, the analysis of these solutions is to specify the directions of further development of regulations aimed at protecting animals used for scientific purposes. ; Celem artykułu jest ocena regulacji Europejskiej Konwencji w sprawie ochrony zwierząt kręgowych wykorzystywanych do celów doświadczalnych i innych celów naukowych, sporządzonej w Strasburgu w dniu 18 marca 1986 r., oraz dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2010/63/UE z dnia 22 września 2010 r. w sprawie ochrony zwierząt wykorzystywanych do celów naukowych w kontekście ich wpływu na liczbę procedur, które wyznaczają model ochrony zwierząt wykorzystywanych do celów naukowych w państwach europejskich, w perspektywie ich wpływu na ograniczenie liczby procedur naukowych z wykorzystaniem zwierząt przeprowadzanych w państwach europejskich, w tym w szczególności procedur wiążących się z najwyższym poziomem doznawanych przez zwierzęta cierpień. Punktem wyjścia do tej oceny było określenie zasad determinujących dopuszczalność wykorzystania zwierząt do celów naukowych w państwach europejskich, a także wpływu, jaki określone środki wdrażane w ramach tych zasad mogą wywierać na ograniczenie liczby procedur z wykorzystaniem zwierząt. W założeniu analiza tych rozwiązań ma pozwolić na wskazanie kierunków dalszego rozwoju regulacji mających na celu ochronę zwierząt wykorzystywanych w celach naukowych.