The Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations, established by culmination of World War II, was created to maintain the security and cooperation of states in the post-war world. Leaders of the Big Three, who ensured the Victory over the fascist-militarist bloc in 1945, made decisive contribution to its creation. This system cemented the world order during the Cold War years until the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the destruction of the bipolar structure of the organization of international relations. Post-Cold War changes stimulated the search for new structures of the international order. Article purpose is to characterize circumstances of foundations formation of postwar world and to show how the historical decisions made by the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition powers in 1945 are projected onto modern political processes. Study focuses on interrelated questions: what was the post-war world order and how integral it was? How did the political decisions of 1945 affect the origins of the Cold War? Does the American-centrist international order, that prevailed at the end of the 20th century, genetically linked to the Atlantic Charter and the goals of the anti- Hitler coalition in the war, have a future?Many elements of the Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations in the 1990s survived and proved their viability. The end of the Cold War and globalization created conditions for widespread democracy in the world. The liberal system of international relations, which expanded in the late XX - early XXI century, is currently experiencing a crisis. It will be necessary to strengthen existing international institutions that ensure stability and security, primarily to create barriers to the spread of national egoism, radicalism and international terrorism, for have a chance to continue the liberal principles based world order (not necessarily within a unipolar system). Prerequisite for promoting idea of a liberal system of international relations is the adjustment of liberalism as such, refusal to unilaterally impose its principles on peoples with a different set of values. This will also require that all main participants in modern in-ternational life be able to develop a unilateral agenda for common problems and interstate relations, interact in a dialogue mode, delving into the arguments of opponents and taking into account their vital interests.
The article is dedicated to the emergence of the Arab national movement at the beginning of the 20thcentury. This topic is still relevant in our days since revealing the origins of political and social processes in the Middle East of the 21st century is necessary for their understanding. The main issues which are considered by the author are the following: which factors had crucial influence on the emergence of Arab nationalism (panarabism as well as regionalism), when exactly it was formed and what were the specifics of its emergence in Palestine.The author defines three main periods in the genesis and formation of the Arab national movement at the beginning of the 20thcentury. The first is the Nahda, the Arab cultural revival of the second half of the 19thcentury, which became a foundation for the later development of nationalist ideas. However, the author tries to show that the cultural revival itself was not nationalistic. The second key period is the political expression of the Arab national movement in the first decades of the 20thcentury, with the ottomanist and later pan-Turkist policy of the Ottoman government having the decisive influence. This policy was nationalist in essence. Zionism, as noted in the text, was not such an important issue for the nascent pan-Arab movement before the First World War, although it caused concern among the locals in Palestine. The third key stage, that was decisive in the Arab national development, is the Great Arab Revolt, which, despite the fact that it was not massive and universal, forced the pan-Arab movement enter the international arena for it attracted the attention of the great powers – mainly with the help of McMahon–Hussein correspondence. In result, during the postwar settlement, pan-Arabism became more popular and internationally recognised phenomenon, although eventually it happened to be divided into a multitude of regional movements, in particular – Palestinian nationalism fostered by the Anglo-French division of influence zones in the Middle East.In general, the formation of the Arab national movement was a multidimensional and gradual phenomenon influenced by a variety of factors. At the same time, the emergence of the regional groups had its own specifics; originally belonging to the Pan-Arab movement, although with their own features, after the First World War these groups became largely independent.
WOS:000457165400004 ; This Letter reports measurements of differential cross sections for the production of two Z bosons in association with jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 and 13 TeV. The analysis is based on data samples collected at the LHC with the CMS detector, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 35.9 fb(-1) at 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes ZZ -> l(+)l(-)l'(+)l'(-), where, l, l' = e, mu The differential cross sections as a function of the jet multiplicity, the transverse momentum p(T), and pseudorapidity of the P-T-leading and subleading jets are presented. In addition, the differential cross sections as a function of variables sensitive to the vector boson scattering, such as the invariant mass of the two P-T-leading jets and their pseudorapidity separation, are reported. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and found in good agreement within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties. (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN (China); CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); ROSATOM (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation (FRIA-Belgium); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Belgium); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Belgium)Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belgium)Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FVVO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic (Hungary); Lendtilet ("Momentum") Program (Hungary); Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Centre (Poland)National Science Center, PolandNational Science Centre, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigation Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program - EU-ESF; Aristeia program - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch Foundation (USA)The Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/K003542/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/F007434/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/I003622/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/I505580/1, ST/J004871/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FVVO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project No. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendtilet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Centre (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigation Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).
WOS:000441224700003 ; A search is presented for long-lived charged particles that decay within the CMS detector and produce the signature of a disappearing track. A disappearing track is an isolated track with missing hits in the outer layers of the silicon tracker, little or no energy in associated calorimeter deposits, and no associated hits in the muon detectors. This search uses data collected with the CMS detector in 2015 and 2016 from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38.4 fb(-1). The results of the search are interpreted in the context of the anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking model. The data are consistent with the background-only hypothesis. Limits are set on the product of the cross section for direct production of charginos and their branching fraction to a neutralino and a pion, as a function of the chargino mass and lifetime. At 95% confidence level, charginos with masses below 715 (695) GeV are excluded for a lifetime of 3 (7) ns, as are charginos with lifetimes from 0.5 to 60 ns for a mass of 505 GeV. These are the most stringent limits using a disappearing track signature on this signal model for chargino lifetimes above approximate to 0.7 ns. ; BMWFW; FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (U.S.A.)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (U.S.A.)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRSFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS"FWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program - EU-ESF; Aristeia program - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship; Chulalongkorn UniversityChulalongkorn University; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.); Direct For Mathematical & Physical ScienNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) [1151640] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/J005479/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/I003622/1, ST/F007434/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/J004871/1, ST/I505580/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).r Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).
Protected lands are the most valuable places for in situ conservation of nature. In Panama, these natural spaces are of institutional and management interest due to the environmental benefit they offer, despite intense human pressure to which they are subject. In this sense, National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) of Department of Management of Protected Areas of the Ministry of Environment (MiAmbiente) of Panama, through the Program for Monitoring the Effectiveness of Management of Protected Areas (PMEMAP) verifies all these lands and its current status. Panama has 105 legally established protected areas, of which Colon province have four of them, Portobelo National Park, San Lorenzo Protector Forest and Protected Landscape, Gatun Lake Recreational Area and Galeta Island Protected Landscape. However, since 2012, they have not had an in-depth analysis that describes their particularity around social, environmental, cultural and economic aspects, information that could be useful in the search for possible short, medium and long term lines of action. In this descriptive research on Colon province protected areas and its current situation, based on five axes: social, administrative, economic-financial, political-legal, natural and cultural resources, as well as scientific research and protected land recorded threats, field work was carried out and information from the Department of Protected Area Management of the Ministry of Environment was reviewed. The results show diverse realities in each of the protected areas treated, it is recommended to establish new action plans and strategic alliances supported by environmental education, production and strengthening of scientific knowledge and increase of qualified personnel. On the other hand, recorded threats show a significant increase, which suggests a negative impact on their integrity. ; Las áreas protegidas son por excelencia los lugares más valiosos para la conservación in situ de la naturaleza en un país. En Panamá, dichos espacios naturales son de interés institucional y de gestión por el beneficio ambiental que ofrecen, a pesar de la intensa presión humana de la cual son objeto. Al respecto, el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SINAP) del departamento de Manejo de Áreas Protegidas del Ministerio de Ambiente (MiAmbiente) de Panamá, través del Programa de Monitoreo de la Efectividad del Manejo de las Áreas Protegidas (PMEMAP) verifica todas a nivel nacional y su estado actual. El país cuenta con ciento cinco (105) áreas protegidas legalmente establecidas, de las cuales la provincia de Colón cuenta con cuatro: Parque Nacional Portobelo, Bosque Protector y Paisaje Protegido San Lorenzo, Área Recreativa Lago Gatún y Paisaje Protegido de Isla Galeta. Sin embargo, estas no cuentan desde 2012 con un análisis profundo que describa su particularidad en torno a aspectos sociales, ambientales, culturales y económicos, información que podría ser útil en la búsqueda de las posibles líneas de acción a corto, mediano y largo plazo. En esta investigación de carácter descriptivo sobre áreas protegidas de Colón y su situación actual, basándose en cinco ejes: social, administrativos, económicofinancieros, político-legal, recursos naturales y culturales, además de investigaciones científicas y amenazas registradas, se realizó trabajo de campo y se revisó información del departamento de Manejo Áreas Protegidas del Ministerio de Ambiente. Los resultados muestran realidades diversas en cada una de las áreas protegidas tratadas, se recomienda establecer nuevos planes de acción y alianzas estratégicas apoyadas en educación ambiental, producción y fortalecimiento del conocimiento científico e incremento de personal idóneo. Por otro lado, las amenazas registradas se muestra un incremento significativo, lo que sugiere una incidencia negativa en la integridad de dichas áreas.
In: Pravni vjesnik: časopis za pravne i društvene znanosti Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku : journal of law and social sciences of the Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Band 36, Heft 3-4, S. 247-268
There is a new phenomenon in corporate governance of companies – foundations as shareholders. Foundations are traditionally held as legal entities which strive to accomplish a public or charitable purpose. However, modern practice highlights foundations which control companies (foundation-owned companies) or invest in them, thus becoming shareholders. Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany and many other countries both in the European Union and outside are a home to big successful companies under the control of foundations. In this new form of corporate governance, relation between management of foundations and companies becomes crucial, especially the extent to which a foundation is actively involved in operating the company, and possible overlapping between managers of the foundation and the company. The goal of this article is to analyze corporate governance of companies which have foundations as their major or minority members/shareholders. This article shall also research into the Croatian foundations and their involvement in companies. The research is based on the publicly available data on portfolio of foundations, which shows if Croatian foundations invest in companies, and thus act as shareholders. This article contributes to the discussion on the importance of foundations in economic development of countries through both corporate and charitable activism.
Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles. ; TRY initiative on plant traits German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. European Union's Horizon 2020 project BACI 640176 University of Zurich University Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity National Science Foundation (NSF) 20-508 NOMIS grant of Remotely Sensing Ecological Genomics Max Planck Society via its fellowship programme German Research Foundation (DFG) RU 1536/3-1 project Resilient Forests of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-29-009-003 EU-FP7-KBBE project: BACCARA-Biodiversity and climate change, a risk analysis 226299 Australian Research Council DP170103410 European Research Council (ERC) ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P VIDI by the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research 016.161.318 II. Oldenburgischer Deichband Wasserverbandstag e.V. NWS 10/05 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 369617/2017-2 307689/2014-0 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIT) 2018R1C1B6005351 Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11150835 1200468 Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 19-14-00038 Future Earth ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor
В работе обсуждаются сфера применения, специфика и основные принципы межрегиональных сопоставлений. Определяется, что в последние годы уделяется много внимания задачам совершенствования методик межрегиональных сопоставлений. Прогнозируется усиление внимания к решению этих задач. Повышенное внимание связывается с тремя обстоятельствами, устанавливающими актуальность применения методик межрегиональных сопоставлений. Первое — значимость исследований, направленных на раскрытие сравнительных характеристик регионов Российской Федерации, для целей региональной экономики в целом. Второе — актуальность совершенствования методологических оснований и методов исследования региональных ситуаций и проблем, порожденных недостатками использования существующей методической базы. Третье – значимость сопоставлений для выявления специфики функционирования территорий – особых объектов государственного управления (например, зоны Севера, Арктики). На примерах рассматривается результативность научных исследований, поддержанных грантами Российского гуманитарного научного фонда (Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation) и Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (Russian Foundation for Basic Research), включающих совершенствование методик межтерриториальных сопоставлений. Раскрываются методологические основания и подробно рассматриваются основные принципы методик межрегиональных сопоставлений (достоверности, системности, комплексности, сбалансированности, сопоставимости, достаточности длины динамического ряда явления, адаптации индикаторов, простоты, максимальной информативности, проверяемости, ориентации на автоматизированную обработку данных). ; The work discusses the scope of use, specifics and main principles of interregional comparisons. It is determined that in recent years a lot of attention is paid to the tasks of improving methodologies of interregional comparisons. Greater attention to the solution of these problems is predicted. Increased attention is connected with three circumstances that establish relevance to using methodologies of interregional comparisons. First -significance of research aimed to opening comparable characteristics of regions in Russian Federation for the purposes of regional economics as a whole. Second urgency of improving the methodological bases and methods of research of regional situations and problems caused by lack of using existing methodological base. Third – significance of identifying the specifics of territories' functioning – special objects of government management (ex. North zone, Arctic). Performance is studied using examples from the results gathered by scientific works supported by grants of Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation of Basic Research including the improved methods of interregional comparison. Disclosed methodological bases and considerate and studied in details the basic principles of methods of interregional comparison (reliability, consistency, comprehensiveness, balance, comparability, sufficiency of the length of dynamic raw of events, adaptation of indicators, simplicity, maximum normativity, verifiability, focus on automated processing of data).
Straßen und Gewässer prägen als Lebensadern und lineare Infrastrukturen seit Jahrhunderten unsere Städte. Reduziert auf ihre technischen Funktionen für Verkehr und Mobilität, sind sie heute häufig zu trennenden Schneisen und zu lebensfeindlichen Orten geworden. Wie aber können diese Räume für weitere Funktionen reaktiviert und zu attraktiven und klimaangepassten Stadträumen transformiert werden? Das untersuchen Forschungsvorhaben und Praxisprojekte unterschiedlicher Disziplinen seit einigen Jahren. Dieser Sammelband vereint interdisziplinäre Perspektiven aus dem Hamburger Forschungsverbund LILAS mit weiteren Forschungs- und Praxisbeiträgen zu linearen Infrastrukturlandschaften und ihren Potenzialen für die Stadt von morgen. 28 Autor:innen diskutieren Gestaltungs-, Governance- und Planungsprozesse sowie Anpassungsmöglichkeiten an den Klimawandel und stellen interdisziplinäre Ansätze und multifunktionale Möglichkeiten einer sozial-ökologischen Transformation von urbanen Straßen- und Gewässerräumen vor.
Straßen und Gewässer prägen als Lebensadern und lineare Infrastrukturen seit Jahrhunderten unsere Städte. Reduziert auf ihre technischen Funktionen für Verkehr und Mobilität, sind sie heute häufig zu trennenden Schneisen und zu lebensfeindlichen Orten geworden. Wie aber können diese Räume für weitere Funktionen reaktiviert und zu attraktiven und klimaangepassten Stadträumen transformiert werden? Das untersuchen Forschungsvorhaben und Praxisprojekte unterschiedlicher Disziplinen seit einigen Jahren. Dieser Sammelband vereint interdisziplinäre Perspektiven aus dem Hamburger Forschungsverbund LILAS mit weiteren Forschungs- und Praxisbeiträgen zu linearen Infrastrukturlandschaften und ihren Potenzialen für die Stadt von morgen. 28 Autor:innen diskutieren Gestaltungs-, Governance- und Planungsprozesse sowie Anpassungsmöglichkeiten an den Klimawandel und stellen interdisziplinäre Ansätze und multifunktionale Möglichkeiten einer sozial-ökologischen Transformation von urbanen Straßen- und Gewässerräumen vor.
Wie in anderen Forschungsfeldern gibt es auch in der Journalismusforschung Schlüsseltexte, die ein Forschungsgebiet erschlossen haben, auf dem weitere Forschung aufbaut. Der Band versammelt solche Schlüsselwerke und stellt sie in Kurzbeschreibungen vor. Zusätzlich werden sie in den Forschungskontext eingebettet und ihre Wirkung auf den weiteren Fortgang der Forschungstradition erläutert. Schließlich werden sie in Bezug auf ihre Bedeutung für aktuelle Fragen und Themen der Journalismusforschung eingeschätzt. Die Herausgebenden Dr. Wiebke Loosen ist Senior Researcher für Journalismusforschung am Leibniz-Institut für Medienforschung│Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI) und Professorin an der Universität Hamburg mit den Schwerpunkten Transformation des Journalismus in einer sich wandelnden Medienumgebung, Journalismus/Publikum-Beziehung sowie Datafizierung und Automatisierung von Kommunikation. Dr. Armin Scholl ist Professor am Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft der Universität Münster mit den Schwerpunkten Journalismusforschung, Theorien, Methoden, Alternativmedien/Gegenöffentlichkeiten.
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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface: A Taste for Treason -- 1 The Mad Major -- 2 Executioner, do your duty! -- 3 The Bungalow Brunette -- 4 An Agent of the Hamburg Service -- 5 Heil President Roosevelt! -- 6 An Interesting Friend from New York -- 7 The French Lieutenant's Whore -- 8 Confessions of a Nazi Spy -- 9 The Alliance That Saved the West -- Afterword: The Woman with Auburn Hair -- Appendix: The Players -- Notes -- Acknowledgements -- Select Bibliography -- Index -- Picture Sections.
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»Gesundheit wird von Menschen in ihrer alltäglichen Umwelt geschaffen und gelebt: dort, wo sie spielen, lernen, arbeiten und lieben.« Ottawa-Charta zur Gesundheitsförderung, 1986. Immer mehr Menschen leben in Städten – für diesen Trend ist noch lange keine Umkehr in Sicht. Städtische Wohnquartiere werden daher für die Gesundheit von Menschen immer bedeutsamer. »Gesunde Quartiere« untersucht beispielhaft die gesundheitliche Lage in ausgewählten Stadtquartieren Hamburgs aus einer interdisziplinären Perspektive. Insbesondere sozial benachteiligte Stadträume werden mit in den Blick genommen und hinsichtlich ihrer Potenziale und Limitationen reflektiert. Zudem stellt es konkrete Ansätze zur Gesundheitsförderung in sozial benachteiligten Quartieren vor, die mit der Beteiligung der Anwohner*innen entwickelt und umgesetzt wurden, und reflektiert deren Möglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten insbesondere unter den Bedingungen der Corona-Pandemie.
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Introduction: A New bipolarisation of Europe -- The NATO Post-Cold War Enlargement: Realist and Neorealist Approaches -- From Hamburg and Munich to Tallinn and Burgas -- From the War Against Georgia to the Annexation of the Crimea and the Following Increase of Military Tension -- The Growing Militarisation of the Baltic and Black Sea Areas After the End of the Cold War -- American Military Doctrines of the New Generation -- Conclusion: Waiting for a New Gorbachev and for a New Reagan.
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