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背景:中國在發展城市社區衞生服務/基層醫療的過程中,基於當地經濟社會發展情況和特點,主要形成了政府辦政府管、院辦院管、以及私營三種模式。近年來中國學者對大陸社區衞生服務/基層醫療的研究主要關注于服務的基本現狀與功能的描述性研究,以及患者主觀層面的滿意度調查等,對城市社區衞生/基層醫療組織形式與服務模式建設的研究相對缺乏。初級衞生評價工具( Primary Care Assessment Tool, PCAT) 由美國約翰霍普金斯大學初級衞生保健政策中心開發,將初級醫療的五個核心方面進行量化,從患者對社區衞生服務/層醫療服務的客觀體驗角度出發,客觀評價醫療服務品質。本研究關注於基層醫療服務的過程層面,作為珠江三角洲六城市基層醫療研究項目的一部分,聯合廣州醫學院公共衛生與全科醫學學院,在廣東省衞生署以及香港智經研究中心的大力支持下,其他學者將研究基層醫療服務的結構和結果層面。 ; 目的:本研究關注從病人體驗角度出發,在城市社區衞生/基層醫療服務的過程層面,評價和比較三種不同的社區衞生服務/基層醫療模式,以及不同地區在實施國家初級衞生政策時的不同策略所導致的在初級醫療五個核心方面的差異。 ; 方法:首先,本研究進行了全面的文獻檢索,回顧了PCAT工具在全球和地區的應用。其次,本研究根據國際上認可的跨文化翻譯過程將PCAT(成人簡化版)翻譯成中文官方語言(普通話)並使其與中國國情相適應,並通過問卷的信度和效度分析,證明中文PCAT成人簡化版在評價社區衞生服務/基層醫療的過程層面方面具有較高的可靠性和有效性。進而,本研究採用多階段整群抽樣方法,在珠江三角洲六個城市的社區衞生中心,由訓練有素的調查員進行現場訪談。最後,本研究採用多元線性回歸和多元方差分析統計分析,評估和比較了不同城市和不同模式下,社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務五個核心方面的PCAT分數的差異。 ; 結果:中文PCAT(成人簡化版)包含了九個不同維度,從五個方面評價初級保健服務過程,具有良好的結構效度。克隆巴赫係數反映了問卷具有良好的內部一致性。本研究共調查了3,360名在社區衞生服務中心接受基層醫療服務的成人患者,問卷整體回收率達86.1。本研究基於PCAT 分數從不同城市和不同服務模式角度分別評價和比較了社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務的過程。研究發現,與院辦院管及私營模式相比,政府主導模式下的社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務使用者具有更好的病人體驗,主要是因為政府主導模式下,社區衞生服務在首診利用及基層醫療服務協調統籌維度層面達到更高的水準。 ; 結論:本博士論文研究確立了中文PCAT(成人簡化版)在評價社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務過程的可靠性和有效性。本研究率先在中國大陸採用PCAT 工具對廣東省珠江三角洲地區城市社區衞生服務/基層醫療模式開展了大規模調查。該項研究可以填補目前中國大陸在PCAT應用以及城市社區衞生服務/基層醫療模式研究方面的空白,探索適合中國國情的社區衞生/基層醫療服務發展道路,為中國大陸進一步發展及完善初級衞生體系提供翔實的政策依據。 ; Backgrounds: China's current healthcare reform has an overall goal towards re-strengthening primary care. Establishment and expansion of primary care network based on community health centres (CHCs) in urban areas has been prioritized. Due to various socio-economic status of local population and policy context across urban areas in mainland China, primary care is delivered by three main organisational models: government-owned CHCs, hospital-owned CHCs, and privately-owned CHCs with each model being adopted in various localities. This PhD study focuses on studying the process of primary care provided under different CHC models in the six cities of Pearl River Delta (PRD) and it is part of a larger study entitled "A Study of Comparing Primary Care Services among ...

殖民時期的香港一直被丛书新自由主義的經典例子。加上香港殖民政府的剝削本質,它一般不會提供廉價醫療服務給予普羅大眾。然而,儘管有「積極不干預主義」這口號,殖民政府仍然於香港留下了龐大公營醫療系統。為什麼龐大公營醫療系統與放任自由主義並存於二次世界大戰後的香港社會? ; 為了解答以上疑問,本研究將從一九六四年醫療改革,探討香港戰後醫療政策。本文認為,香港研究忽視了冷戰對香港公共衛生的影響。文獻回顧後,實證研究分為三部分。第一部分提出「衛生關注」(Sanitary Concern)不足以構成醫療改革的原因。第二部分通過文本分析,發現六十年代的主流報章不重視醫療改革,由此可見改革並非基於公眾的訴求。最後的部分從戰後政府檔案,發現長遠的公營醫療規劃沿於五十年代後期。同時,戰後公營醫療系統的擴張,更可能是因為殖民政府為了確保足夠的戰時緊急醫療服務,及防止左派利用社區診所滲透入基層。 ; Hong Kong has been regarded as a textbook example of Neo Liberalism. The exploitative nature of a colonial government makes it unlikely for the colonial state to make commitment for low-cost medical services to the general public. However, the slogan of "positive non-interventionism notwithstanding, the strong public health sector in Hong Kong is also a colonial legacy. Why was such a state-centered medical system established in a laissez-faire society after the Second World War? ; This thesis aims at investigating the 1964 hospital reform in Hong Kong to study the colonial governance and arguing that the Cold War factor has been neglected in the analysis of the medical-institutional change. After the literature review, there are three empirical sections to support this explanation. The first part finds that sanitary concern was not a strong reason for the reform. In the second part, a context analysis on newspaper during the 1960s shows that the hospital reform was simply neglected by most newspapers, which implies that the reform was not the direct result of public pressure. The final part looks into the long-term medical planning since the late 1950 and several related medical policies through different archives in order to demonstrate the impacts of Cold War's politics on Hong Kong's medical services provision. Evidences suggest that self-sufficiency of military-emergency medical services and control over the growing influence of left-wing community clinics could be a more convincing explanation for the reform. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Tang, Kai Yi. ...

Chen, Xijun. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-77). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Design Challenges --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Wireless Sensor Network Applications --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Military Applications --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Environmental Applications --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Health Applications --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Wireless Biomedical Sensor Networks (WBSN) --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Text Organization --- p.13 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Design a Wearable Platform for Wireless Biomedical Sensor Networks --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Objective --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Requirements for Wireless Medical Sensors --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Hardware design --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Results --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Software design --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.4.1 --- TinyOS --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.4.2 --- Software Organization --- p.28 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Wireless Medical Sensors --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Sensing Physiological Information --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.1.1 --- Pulse Oximetry --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.1.2 --- Electrocardiograph --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.1.3 --- Galvanic Skin Response --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Location Tracking --- p.43 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Outdoor Location Tracking --- p.43 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Indoor Location Tracking --- p.44 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Motion Tracking --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Technology --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Motion Analysis Sensor Board --- p.51 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Discussions --- p.52 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Applications in Medical Care --- p.54 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.54 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Wearable Wireless Body Area Network --- p.56 ; Chapter 4.2.1 --- Architecture --- p.58 ; Chapter 4.2.2 --- Deployment Scenarios --- p.62 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Application in Ambulatory Setting --- p.63 ; Chapter 4.3.1 --- Method --- p.64 ...

香港醫療衛生發展的論述,通常至1941年便停止,然後由1945年重新探討,跳過了二次大戰期間的日治時代。雖然有大量關於英軍回憶、遊擊隊、一些口述歷史等的研究書籍,但這時期仍未得到充分的關注,尤其在社會發展方面。本文以《香港日報》為主要材料,嘗試析述被忽略的日治醫療衛生史。 ; 有關戰前香港醫療衛生的史觀,主要有「殖民醫學」與「殖民現代性」兩套理論。前者認為殖民力量將西醫強加於本地社會;後者則強調殖民統治帶來的正面作用,和殖民地有其獨特形式的現代性。直至日治前夕,香港的中西醫仍較為對等,中醫在民間有極大支持;西醫在政府政策上享有優勢。然而戰後出現的卻是另一景象,無論民間或政府皆接受西醫為主流醫學,中醫則潛藏於民間繼續傳承。這不代表中醫已被淘汰,只是西醫的發展已蓋過中醫,其中原因須追溯日治期間。日治政府承接英國殖民政府推行西醫,社會上有大量西醫常識流通,藥物使用習慣講求科學,日治時期的這些因素都為西醫在戰後普及做準備。 ; 本文為過往研究所忽略作補充,藉此重新思考「日治歷史」的意義。誠然這段歷史是傷痛的,但也不可主觀地跳過而不作討論,日治時期是連接香港二戰前後的發展。醫療衛生正是其中一個脈絡,本研究將就此提出新視角。 ; The analyses on Hong Kong medical and hygienic history often split into two time slots, one from the beginning as the British colony until 1941 and the other from 1945 to the present, mostly overlooking the period of Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945. Although there are plenty of books for general readers, for examples, memoirs of British troops and Chinese guerillas, and oral history records about the Japanese occupation in Hong Kong, this period has not yet received due academic treatment. This dissertation, therefore, studies the neglected medical history of Hong Kong under the Japanese occupation using Honkon Nippō (Hong Kong News) as the main reference. ; Approaches to the discussion on prewar Hong Kong medical history apparently depend on two theories, namely the "colonial medicine and the "colonial modernity. The former perspective believes that colonial powers forced colonized societies to follow the European modernity, while the latter stresses the positive effects brought by colonizers and formations of own unique modernity among colonies. Before the Japanese occupation, both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) enjoyed fair status, with the TCM gaining overwhelming support from the Hong Kong society and the latter receiving administrative advantages from the colonial government. After the WWII, however, both the Hong Kong society and the government recognized the WM to be the mainstream therapy, and thus, the TCM was only praciticed at the bottom level of society ...

Chan, Wing Hin. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-143). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgement --- p.ii ; Abstract --- p.iii ; 摘要 --- p.vi ; Table of Content --- p.viii ; List of Figures --- p.xiv ; List of Tables --- p.xvi ; Abbreviations --- p.xviii ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Food and herb authentication --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- Background and definition --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Importance of species identification in food and herb authentication --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Primary health care --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Food and herb safety --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Conservation --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.3 --- Methods for species identification in food and herb authentication --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Morphological identification --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Chemical analysis --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Molecular analysis --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.1.4 --- Legislation --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Labeling ´ب --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Chinese medicine : --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- Conservation --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Dongchongxiacao --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Background information of Dongchongxiacao --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Classification of fungal part of Dongchongxiacao --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Dongchongxiacao as a Traditional Chinese Medicine. --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.2.4 --- The Dongchongxiacao market --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.2.5 --- Adulteration and contamination of Dongchongxiacao --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.2.6 --- Authentication of Dongchongxiacao --- p.19 ; Chapter 1.2.6.1 --- Morphological identification --- p.19 ; Chapter 1.2.6.2 --- Chemical analysis --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.2.6.3 --- Molecular analysis --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.2.6.3.1 --- "FINS analysis with genomic ITS, nrLSU, EF-lα and rpbl regions for fungal analyses" --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.2.6.3.2 --- FINS analysis with mitochondrial CytB and COI regions for caterpillar analyses --- p.24 ; Chapter 1.3 --- ...