This paper provides an institutional analysis concerning the current problems of the health care systems based on obligatory health insurance. In the beginning there are correctly defined & further described some particular principles creating the essence of the continental health care systems. Consequently, there are described two major consequences of asymmetric information: the principal-agency problem & the problem of adverse selection. Further to the definitions there are drawn conclusions for appropriate system reforms. Graphs. Adapted from the source document.
Slovak Republic as well as many other OECD countries has faced significant increase of health expenditures in last decades. Sustainability of health care public component is therefore and mainly on the ground of ageing of population a political and scientific challenge for many countries. Paper pursues ex ante sustainability of health care system in Slovak Republic. By using modified models of International Labour Organization and European Commission and exogenous macroeconomic and population expectations we forecasts revenues, expenditures and also sustainability of the health care policy scenarios until year 2030. We identified possible changes in the income and expenditures policies for the Slovak health system, which can lead to improve balance of whole system by assumed population and macroeconomic scenarios. Adapted from the source document.
Survey-based measures of subjective well-being are more and more often analyzed cross-culturally. However, international comparison of these measures requires measurement invariance. Therefore, the major goal of this study was to investigate the cross-country comparability of the five-item subjective well-being scales used in the International Social Survey Programme (2011, 2017). This study applied both the traditional exact and the more recent Bayesian approximate approach to assess whether the subjective well-being scales were measurement invariant. The Bayesian approach detected several non‑invariant items that were problematic for cross-national comparison and could be dropped from the scales. Consequently, measurement invariance was established in all countries for the reduced scales, allowing researchers to meaningfully compare their latent mean scores and the relationships with other theoretical constructs of interest. Thus, the study highlighted the advantages of using multiple indicators and the necessity of measurement invariance testing in subjective well-being research.
After the First World War an anti-alcohol movement requiring the prohibition intensified both in Europe and the USA and it also resonated strongly in the Czechoslovakia. The main representative of this movement was the Czechoslovak Teetotal Union. It struggled for eradication of alcoholism as a serious social and health problem. The activities of the movement were in conflict with the interests of groups of alcoholic drinks producers and distributors, which represented a strong lobby connected to political circles, especially the most powerful political party, the Agrarian Party. Financially strong alcohol lobby with one exception (Holitscher Act of 1922 restricting access to alcohol for the youth) quite successfully neutralized the attempts of the anti-alcohol movement to gain a bigger state support in the fight against alcoholism. Only after the methyl-alcohol scandal in 1935 the government did establish a permanent advisory board for the fight against alcoholism in the Ministry of Public Health and Physical Education. It elaborated a many recommendations (such as blood tests for drivers after car accidents), which, however, were not implemented until the end of the First Republic. An important benefit of the Czechoslovak Teetotal Union was the founding of alcohol treatment counselling.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2014" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
Research made by the Public opinion research center team as a mothly part of the "Our Society 2015" project researching the views and opinions of Czech citizens. Data collection was done by the Public opinion research center interviewers network.
