Suchergebnisse

Der Bericht behandelt drei Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit einer Reform des Gesundheitssystems in der VR China. Hierbei geht es zunächst um die hohen Arzneimittelkosten vor allem bei importierten Arzneimitteln und Produkten von Joint Ventures. Tendenzen zur Verteuerung von Medikamenten ergeben sich jedoch auch bei einheimischen Herstellern sowie über den Verkauf von Medikamenten durch die Krankenhäuser. Die Notwendigkeit einer Reorganisation im Gesundheitswesens wird besonders deutlich im Blutspendedienst, der nur in Peking westlichen Kriterien genügt. Darüberhinaus bedarf es eines Ausbaus medizinischer Forschung und Entwicklung, vor allem nachdem seit 1993 neu auf den Markt kommende ausländische Medikamente auch in China patentrechtlich geschützt sind. Mögliche Orientierungen für die medizinische Forschung in China sind die Variation ausländischer Produkte, die Entwicklung von Plagiaten älterer Produkte, eine Nutzung eigener Ressourcen vor allem in der Naturmedizin sowie die Biotechnologie. (BIOst-Wpt)

part 1. Overview -- What does it mean to be transgender? -- A brief history of transgender people -- Transitioning -- Physical health -- Mental health -- part 2. Controversies and issues -- Discrimination against transgender people -- Access to health and social services and public facilities -- Transgender athletes: who competes against whom? -- Normative gender dichotomies and alternatives -- Parenting and family issues -- Research issues -- part 3. Scenarios

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Urban Health-A Historical Perspective -- Urban Health Issues -- Aging and Age-Friendly Communities -- Air Quality and Urban Smog -- City Spotlight: Mexico City-Gripped by a Nagging Air Pollution Problem -- Chemical Exposure -- Expert Commentary: Environmental Health Surveillance -- Climate Change -- City Spotlight: Venice-Will Anything Work to Stop the Flooding? -- Crime and Violence -- City Spotlight: New York City-An International Model of Criminal Justice Reform -- Drugs and Alcohol -- Expert Commentary: Substance Availability and Abuse -- Food Quality and Availability -- Green Buildings and Sustainable Development -- City Spotlight: Singapore-Proving Densely Populated Cities Can Be Both Livable and Sustainable -- Green Space and Natural Areas -- City Spotlight: Melbourne-The Many Benefits of More Trees -- Healthcare Access and Quality -- City Spotlight: Delhi-Reforming the Delivery of Urban Health Services -- Indoor Air Quality -- Infectious Diseases -- City Spotlight: Freetown-Checking the Spread of a Deadly Virus -- Expert Commentary: "One Health" Policies and Practices -- Light Pollution -- Noise Pollution -- Expert Commentary: Addressing Noise Pollution -- Odor Pollution -- Population Growth and Overcrowding -- City Spotlight: Karachi-Glimmers of Hope for the World's Largest Slum -- Expert Commentary: Immigrant Health and Safety -- Radiation Sources -- Social Support Networks -- Expert Commentary: Social Isolation among Older Adults -- Solid Waste Management and Recycling -- City Spotlight: Toronto-Green Living Made Easy and Fun -- Stress Management -- Walkable and Bike-Friendly Neighborhoods -- City Spotlight: Copenhagen-The City Where Bicycles Rule -- Water and Sanitation -- Workplace Health and Safety.

Intro -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Intersection between culture and health -- 1Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America -- 2Indiana University, African Studies Program, Bloomington, IN, United States of America -- 3Health Services, Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities -- Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, Jerusalem, Israel -- Introduction -- Ebola causation -- Co-habitation in large compound houses -- Death and burial -- Broken down and/or lack of public health infrastructure -- Creating culturally congruent isolation/quarantine system -- Conclusion -- References -- Section one: Health issues -- Chapter 2: Immigrant college students and their experience with American physicians -- Introduction -- Our study -- Our findings -- Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Turkish immigrants HIV testing and counseling -- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America -- Introduction -- Turkish migrants in the United States -- Our study -- Our findings -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 4: Arab women and breast cancer prevention -- Introduction -- Why this topic? -- Overview of beast cancer -- On defining breast cancer -- Types of breast cancer -- Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) -- Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) -- Medullary carcinoma (MC) -- Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) -- Tubular carcinoma (TC) -- Mucinous carcinoma (colloid) -- Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) -- Breast cancer stages -- Stage 0 -- Stage I -- Stage II -- Stage III -- Stage IV -- Symptoms -- Risk factors -- Breast cancer prevention -- Early detection and diagnosis -- Treatment options for breast cancer -- Surgical treatment.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION -- PERSPECTIVES ON HIV/AIDS IN THE CARIBBEAN -- Section 1: SCIENTIFIC SESSION -- INTRODUCTION -- HEALTH STATUS IN THE REGION - A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW -- Section 2: CHILD HEALTH -- NUTRITION AND CHILD HEALTH DEVELOPMENT -- SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT AND BEHAVIOUR IN JAMAICAN CHILDREN -- Section 3: ADOLESCENCE AND EARLY ADULT LIFE -- ISSUES AFFECTING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN THE CARIBBEAN -- COPING WITH TEENAGE PREGNANCY -- PARENTING - THE MALE CONTRIBUTION -- HIV/AIDS - THE RUDE AWAKENING/STEMMING THE TIDE -- PATTERNS OF SUBSTANCE USE AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN JAMAICA, 1987-1997: PREVALENCE AND LONG-TERM TRENDS (Abridged) -- SUBSTANCE USE - HEALTH CONSEQUENCES -- INJURIES - THE BROAD PICTURE -- THE HEALTH IMPACT OF INJURIES -- Section 4: THE MIDDLE AND OLDER YEARS - CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES -- HYPERTENSION - BURDEN AND RISK FACTORS -- DIABETES MELLITUS - THE DELUGE -- DIABETES MELLITUS - THE RAVAGES -- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - THE RISE TO PROMINENCE -- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - THE REASONS -- CANCERS - THE CHANGING PATTERNS -- CANCER - RELATIONSHIP TO LIFESTYLES -- Section 5: THE ELDERLY -- AGEING - THE REALITY -- THE ELDERLY-THE CHALLENGES -- Section 6: ACROSS THE YEARS -- INFECTIOUS DISEASES - EMERGENCE AND RE-EMERGENCE -- OBESITY - THE IMPACT ON HEALTH AND PRESCRIPTION FOR ACTION -- Section 7: THE DISABLED IN OUR MIDST -- THE DISABLED IN OUR MIDST -ADDRESSING THE ISSUES -- MENTAL HEALTH IN THE CARIBBEAN - NEW PARADIGMS -- MENTAL HEALTH POLICY FOR THE SMALLER CARIBBEAN ISLANDS -- EMERGING CHALLENGES FOR MENTAL HEALTH IN THE CARIBBEAN -- Section 8: HEALTH-CARE DELIVERY -- NEW CHALLENGES IN HEALTH-CARE DELIVERY FOR THE COUNTRIES OF THE CARIBBEAN FOR THE NEXT DECADE -- GOVERNANCE AND HEALTH SYSTEMS IN THE ANGLOPHONE CARIBBEAN -- HEALTH-CARE DELIVERY - THE PLAYERS.

All children, even the healthiest, have preventive and acute health care needs. Moreover, a growing number of children are chronically ill, with preventive, acute, and ongoing care needs that may be much more demanding than those for healthy children.

Because children are unable to care for themselves, their parents are expected to provide a range of health care services without which the current health care system for children would not function. Under this "shadow health care system," parents or parent surrogates often need to be with the child, a requirement that can create difficulties for working parents, particularly for those whose children are chronically ill. How federal, state, and employer policies and practices mesh with the child health care needs of families is therefore a central issue in any discussion about work and family balance.

In this article Mark Schuster, Paul Chung, and Katherine Vestal describe the health care needs of children; the essential health care responsibilities of parents; the perspective of employers; and the existing network of federal, state, and local family leave benefits that employed parents can access. They also identify current gaps in policies that leave unmet the needs of both parents and their employers.

The authors suggest the outlines of a national family leave policy that would protect the interests of parents and employers. In essence, such a policy would build on the federal Family and Medical Leave Act, which gives some workers time off with no advance notice required and no loss of job or health insurance. But it would also include elements of California's Paid Family Leave Insurance, which expands coverage to more workers and provides partial pay during leave. Employers could be given some financial protections as well as protections against employee fraud and abuse. Such a policy, the authors conclude, would help to provide security to parents, minimize effects on employers, raise societal expectations for family-friendly work environments, and help maintain the parental shadow system of care on which health care professionals depend.