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IT IS ARGUED THAT THE GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL CLASS EQUITY OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE HAVE BEEN POORLY SPECIFIED AND THAT ATTEMPTS TO ACHIEVE THEM THROUGH GOVERNMENT POLICY HAVE BEEN INADEQUATE. THERE IS NOW RENEWED INTEREST IN INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE AND THE PROBLEMS OF FORMULATING AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES AIMED AT REDUCING INEQUALITIES.

GB's National Health Service (NHS) was founded in 1948 to replace an inefficient, ill-coordinated, & financially unstable health care system & to reduce barriers to health care. It is argued that the geographic & SC equity objectives of the NHS have been poorly specified & that attempts to achieve them through government policy have been inadequate. The renewed interest in inequalities in health & health care & the problems of formulating & implementing policies aimed at reducing those inequalities are discussed in general terms, followed by examination of the problems inherited in 1948 & the development of policies to mitigate them. Alternative demand & supply-side policies to reduce current inequalities are suggested. 6 Tables, 34 References. Modified HA.

ABSTRACTThe National Health Service (NHS) was founded in 1948 to replace an inefficient, ill-coordinated and financially unstable health care system and to reduce the barriers to the consumption of health care. In this article, it is argued that the geographic and social class equity objectives of the NHS have been poorly specified and that attempts to achieve them through government policy have been inadequate. The renewed interest in inequalities in health and health care and the problems of formulating and implementing policies aimed at reducing inequalities are discussed in general terms in section 1. Section 2 examines the inequalities of health care provision that were inherited in 1948, the development of policies to mitigate the problem and the current situation. Alternative demand and supply side policies to reduce inequalities in health and health care are presented in section 3. A summary of the proceeding arguments is set out in section 4.

This introductory module describes the current global context of mental health. Beginning with an outline of the current burden of mental disorders, the module sets the stage by describing the historical background to the current situation and summarising recent developments in the understanding, treatment and care of people with mental disorders. An analysis is provided of trends in global health reform and their implications for mental health. To illustrate how these global trends can be addressed by governments, and to introduce the reader to the guidance package, a summary is then provided

Background: Equity, access, safety and quality are prominent themes in rural health policies at a national level. These policies often contain objectives around improving rural health services and the health status of rural Australians. It is important to consider whether these objectives are being met for rural populations to discern the appropriateness of current policies and the potential need for changes in policy approach. Objective: To understand the influence of policy on provision of, and access to, rural maternity care. Design: Analysis of policy and case studies. Setting: Four north Queensland rural towns. Participants: (a) Rural residents who recently accessed maternity care; and (b) health care professionals involved in the provision of maternity services including midwives, procedural medical practitioners and GPs. Main outcome measures: Identification of predominant themes in government policies that relate to rural maternity care and identification of outcomes for local maternity services. These findings were supplemented by insights to rural citizens' experiences in accessing maternity care and rural clinicians' experience in providing care. Results: The findings indicate a dearth of specific policies to support the development and continuation of rural maternity care services. Conclusions: Without detailed policy support for rural maternity care, services at each of the four case study towns appeared more vulnerable to the effects of other non-specific policies and negative environmental factors.

"Reviewing recent healthcare policy in the NHS, this book firmly locates the NHS in the context of the welfare state. Setting health policy in both an historical and modern context (post-1997) Carrier and Kendall weigh up the successes and failures of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom and examine the conflicts which have driven the Health Service for over fifty years. After looking at recent responses to the apparent failure of healthcare in the United Kingdom, they conclude that the NHS has successfully met the challenges it faced when founded over sixty years ago and is likely to continue to meet the changing health needs of the population. This excellent book is appropriate for a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate students studying health policy and the NHS"--