Suchergebnisse

The essay illustrates some aspects of the control exercised by Italian rural lords in the 14th and 15th centuries over ecclesiastical institutions located on lordly territory (parish churches, chapels, monasteries). It dwells in particular on the rights of jus patronatus and relations with the ecclesiastical hierarchies.

The village, in contemporary India, represents the pre-modern basic feature of the cultural community as well as the basic element of the national community. The center must be embodied in its peripheral units: the state should become the country (desh), miniaturizing itself whenever the power merges the countless places which are at the basis of its constituents. In this way we can understand the conflict which takes place between democratic authorities and those that emanate from a moral function internal to each belonging community. The political paradox between subjection (imposition and violence) and participation is by now the outcome. The attempt to minimize disparities coming from the ancient system of caste hierarchies, the governmental provision of reserved seats, subsidies and special lists for the marginalized groups has on the contrary strengthened the historical hierarchies and the claims for supremacy inside the Indian political system. Adapted from the source document.

The European space is marked by the recent beginning of the dualism nation-region. In it the cities take on a fundamental role because their success becomes the success of the territories around. Manuel Castell has maintained that the city is the social structure in which any territorial phenomena (from the economical development processes to the relations between classes or ethnic groups, from the public intervention to the financial accumulation) takes on its bigger strength because in it are concentrated the focusing in the territorial transformations. Obvious the cities are not the same, for physical or functional dimension; besides every innovation adds and modifies the relational system previously created. Aim of the paper is to analyse the factors generating the urban hierarchies to the European level and the impact on it of the new high velocity nets. In the first section it is carried out a reading/analysis of the hierarchies in the urban European system, as outlined in a series of studies. The second section analyses the role of the communication infrastructures in the building of the hierarchies and, in the third, is deepen the impact of the building of European high speed network on the fluctuations in the cities hierarchy. The paper asserts that the hierarchy is influenced by the growing of this infrastructure only for the second level positions, while the head positions are not influenced by it. One of the possible conclusion is that in a mature situation as the European territorial system, the urban structure seems to be well organized around poles with a strong persistence. This does not mean that a city could not climb the hierarchies, although this is possible only if a number of preconditions and of support policies are verified and with the remarks that this does not seem to affect the head positions, characterized by large stability. ; Lo spazio europeo si contraddistingue per il dualismo nazione-regione. In questo dualismo le città assumono un ruolo fondamentale in quanto il proprio successo tende a divenire il successo dei territori contermini. Manuel Castell, nel 1983, sosteneva che la città è la struttura sociale in cui qualsiasi fenomeno territoriale (dai processi di sviluppo economico alle relazioni tra classi o tra gruppi etnici, dall'intervento pubblico all'accumulazione, ecc.) assume la sua maggiore forza in quanto in essa si concentrano le polarizzazioni nelle trasformazioni territoriali. Ovviamente le città non sono tutte uguali, sia per dimensione fisica che per dimensione funzionale. Inoltre ogni innovazione aggiunge e modifica il sistema di relazioni che si è generato in precedenza. Obiettivo del saggio è analizzare i fattori che generano le gerarchie urbane a livello europeo e l'impatto sulle stesse delle nuove reti ad alta velocità. Esso si articola in una prima parte in cui si effettua una lettura ed una analisi di alcuni studi relativi alla costruzione di gerarchie nel sistema urbano europeo; successivamente si passa ad analizzare il ruolo delle infrastrutture di comunicazione nella costruzione delle gerarchie ed, infine, si approfondisce l'impatto della costruzione della rete europea dell'alta velocità sulle variazioni nella gerarchia delle città.

Lo spazio europeo si contraddistingue per il dualismo nazione-regione. In questo dualismo le città assumono un ruolo fondamentale in quanto il proprio successo tende a divenire il successo dei territori contermini. Manuel Castell, nel 1983, sosteneva che la città è la struttura sociale in cui qualsiasi fenomeno territoriale (dai processi di sviluppo economico alle relazioni tra classi o tra gruppi etnici, dall'intervento pubblico all'accumulazione, ecc.) assume la sua maggiore forza in quanto in essa si concentrano le polarizzazioni nelle trasformazioni territoriali. Ovviamente le città non sono tutte uguali, sia per dimensione fisica che per dimensione funzionale. Inoltre ogni innovazione aggiunge e modifica il sistema di relazioni che si è generato in precedenza. Obiettivo del saggio è analizzare i fattori che generano le gerarchie urbane a livello europeo e l'impatto sulle stesse delle nuove reti ad alta velocità. Esso si articola in una prima parte in cui si effettua una lettura ed una analisi di alcuni studi relativi alla costruzione di gerarchie nel sistema urbano europeo; successivamente si passa ad analizzare il ruolo delle infrastrutture di comunicazione nella costruzione delle gerarchie ed, infine, si approfondisce l'impatto della costruzione della rete europea dell'alta velocità sulle variazioni nella gerarchia delle città. ; The European space is marked by the recent beginning of the dualism nation-region. In it the cities take on a fundamental role because their success becomes the success of the territories around. Manuel Castell has maintained that the city is the social structure in which any territorial phenomena (from the economical development processes to the relations between classes or ethnic groups, from the public intervention to the financial accumulation) takes on its bigger strength because in it are concentrated the focusing in the territorial transformations. Obvious the cities are not the same, for physical or functional dimension; besides every innovation adds and modifies the relational system previously created. Aim of the paper is to analyse the factors generating the urban hierarchies to the European level and the impact on it of the new high velocity nets. In the first section it is carried out a reading/analysis of the hierarchies in the urban European system, as outlined in a series of studies. The second section analyses the role of the communication infrastructures in the building of the hierarchies and, in the third, is deepen the impact of the building of European high speed network on the fluctuations in the cities hierarchy. The paper asserts that the hierarchy is influenced by the growing of this infrastructure only for the second level positions, while the head positions are not influenced by it. One of the possible conclusion is that in a mature situation as the European territorial system, the urban structure seems to be well organized around poles with a strong persistence. This does not mean that a city could not climb the hierarchies, although this is possible only if a number of preconditions and of support policies are verified and with the remarks that this does not seem to affect the head positions, characterized by large stability.

The paper aims to outline some of the strategies of aristocratic patronage in sacred spaces in the Italian peninsula. The commissioning of elaborate marble funerary monuments, the choice of location for chaplaincies or entire churches, convents and monasteries, and the choice of the religious order to which to entrust them are indicated here as keys to understanding the internal distinctions within the Italian aristocracies. In particular, a new examination of aristocratic patronage between the 14th and 16th centuries is considered a means to address a general revision of the Italian cultural hierarchies and geographies of Vasari's legacy.

This paper intends to highlight the few similarities and the many differences between the myth of the origins contained in Plato's Protagoras (320c-322d) and the one that Aelius Aristides narrates in the First Platonic Discourse (2. 395-399), in order to show how Aristides' rewriting of the myth fully reflects the expectations of the society of his time. In his «invention» of the myth of the origins, Aristides in fact recounts how cities came into being for the first time, projecting into the past of the myth those conditions of religious, political and social hierarchies and above all that triumph of rhetoric, with which imperial Greece, or at least a significant part of it, can identify and recognise itself.

International audience ; Over the span of a little less than thirty years, the "multiple masculinities" which have existed and coexisted in past times have come to occupy a rather prominent place in the research agendas of scholars interested in gender history. Literature has covered a vast array of topics: from the construction of different types of masculinity in the most diverse (regional, political, social, economic, religious) contexts and how it was expressed, to the relationship between masculinity and power and hierarchies, for example, often adopting multidisciplinary approaches. This introductory chapter offers a general overview of the main research trends as well as a more in depth look at the topics which are explored in the articles that compose this monographic issue of «Genesis».

International audience ; Over the span of a little less than thirty years, the "multiple masculinities" which have existed and coexisted in past times have come to occupy a rather prominent place in the research agendas of scholars interested in gender history. Literature has covered a vast array of topics: from the construction of different types of masculinity in the most diverse (regional, political, social, economic, religious) contexts and how it was expressed, to the relationship between masculinity and power and hierarchies, for example, often adopting multidisciplinary approaches. This introductory chapter offers a general overview of the main research trends as well as a more in depth look at the topics which are explored in the articles that compose this monographic issue of «Genesis».

International audience ; Over the span of a little less than thirty years, the "multiple masculinities" which have existed and coexisted in past times have come to occupy a rather prominent place in the research agendas of scholars interested in gender history. Literature has covered a vast array of topics: from the construction of different types of masculinity in the most diverse (regional, political, social, economic, religious) contexts and how it was expressed, to the relationship between masculinity and power and hierarchies, for example, often adopting multidisciplinary approaches. This introductory chapter offers a general overview of the main research trends as well as a more in depth look at the topics which are explored in the articles that compose this monographic issue of «Genesis».

Between the folds of early Comune age in Italy's papers, during a period in which the authority established itself in the local milieu, also upper-local hierarchies have been able to strengthen their power. At the top of these constructions could have been many political actors, going from important families of imperial officers to big cities. Between these, Milan has been able to establish its will on a huge area that didn't cover only its districtus. The article will analyse which may have been the witnesses of this superiority – and they will be searched in the relationships with the ruler and in the status that the city shew in political assemblies. The article will show how Milan's influence could widen up to that huge territory that at the time was called Lombardia – and that was bigger than the current region. Eventually, the consequences of interactions with the regional territory inside the political space will be highlighted.

In recent decades, the historiographical debate on the political nature of the Spanish Monarchy has been enriched thanks to an important corpus of research dedicated to the reconstruction of the multiple forms of "remote government", and to the study of the tools adopted by the sovereign to exercise greater control over ministers and officers who held their careers far from the beating heart of the Monarchy. In this context, the study of "corruption" practices and attempts to stem them has opened up new interpretative perspectives, especially with reference to the analysis of the residencia processes to which ministers and officials of the West Indies were subjected. The essay, through the reconstruction of a specific case study – the residencia process to Carmine Nicola Caracciolo, viceroy of Peru from 1716 to 1719 – intends to show the functioning of the inspection procedure, highlighting its political implications and instrumental use, in order to redefine factional balances and hierarchies of power.