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Unemployment is high when financial discounts are high. In recessions, the stock market falls and all types of investment fall, including employers' investment in job creation. The discount rate implicit in the stock market rises, and discounts for other claims on business income also rise. A higher discount implies a lower present value of the benefit of a new hire to an employer. According to the leading view of unemployment—the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model—when the incentive for job creation falls, the labor market slackens and unemployment rises. Thus high discount rates imply high unemployment. (JEL E24, E32, E44, J23, J31, J63)

Shares her experience meeting Mohammed Yunus, "the friend of the poor," in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as she began her work as a goodwill ambassador for UNESCO. Although one of the poorest countries in the world, Bangladesh is providing an unprecedented transfer of assistance via Grameen Bank, in the form of microcredits (mostly to women), to other countries. It is asserted that this program could vanquish poverty from the world. The origins of the Grameen Bank are traced. The social change wrought by microcredit is linked to gender in developing countries. This antipoverty program also works to maintain & renew cultural heritage. The need for new markets is noted, & the need to provide market access to higher quality products made by the human hand is stressed, ie, high tech & "high touch" must exists side by side. J. Zendejas

More and more scholarly attention is paid to dissecting discipline of communication research under the microscope thereby aiming at revealing foci of scientific interest. The lion's share of research has hereby focused either on the supply side of research examining what topics scholars write about or at the popularity side of research shedding light on what scientific publications receive the most citations. Building up on this, we argue that these research strands are inadequate to the task of exhaustively identifying foci of scientific interest. Tailoring for the fragmented topical landscape of communication research, we propose an integrative combination of three metrics: supply, popularity, and prestige of research topics. By means of topic modeling, citation counts and citation networks, our study showcases how our approach is able to reveal the intellectual architecture of our discipline in order to identify relevant paths for further scientific inquiry.

This study extends earlier attribution research on leadership regard ing the "high-high" effective leader stereotype. Stories depicting man agers using either high-high or low-low leadership styles were rated by 859 business students. For both styles, when group performance was high, managers were seen as engaging in more initiating structure and consideration behavior than when performance was low. The high-high style was also evaluated more favorably than the low-low style, independent of the effect of performance. Combined with results from previous research, these results demonstrate that a view of the effective leader as high-high in behavior is a strongly-held implicit theory of leadership and not a myth as far as observers are concerned. Such a view can be used by leaders to their advantage.

The predicament facing higher education during the economic downturn is in some ways reminiscent of a scene from a 1994 episode of The Simpsons. Confirming the conventional wisdom that higher education expands when jobs are scarce, US college enrollment grew faster than usual during the recession, particularly at community colleges. Already, the savviest institutions are making a virtue of necessity as American higher education figures out how to do more with less. They're seeking new, improved, and less expensive solutions to everything from increasing access to improving how efficiently students learn, and they may emerge from the recession in a stronger position to adapt to the economic and technological challenges they had previously been slow to recognize. Adapted from the source document.