The competition for highly skilled labour continues to be fierce and is taking a more institutionalized pattern across most of the developed world. This article sketches the changes in policies, legislations, and procedures across various EU countries and compares these with those of other developed countries.The article shows that EU member states not only compete with non‐EU countries and regions but also among themselves in order to attract and maintain sufficient flows of highly skilled labour.
CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; This paper aims at providing an overview of highly skilled labour migration to Denmark, specifically focussing on Indian migrants. This includes an outline of the recent changes in migration policy, the current regulatory framework and statistics illustrating the migration inflows in recent years. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union
Paper presented to ESRI Thematic Research Workshop on Economic Actors, National Systems and International Contexts, September 21-24, 1999, Copenhagen, Denmark (draft version) ; It is a widely known phenomenon that labour is one of the less mobile factors of production. National and cultural differences among populations, the ever-present risks of migration (the rupture with local ties, both the personal and the job-related ones) and political resistance to mobility (more acute, at present, from the receiving societies) are the most cited reasons for the inertia of labour movements. We must admit that this kind of constraints seems to apply mainly to low and medium skilled workers, which represent the most important groups of international migrants nowadays. We could argue that, by contrast, the highly skilled segments can be exempted fromthis resistance, and constitute the most mobile portion of the labour force. If we consider, particularly, those moving within the framework of transnational corporations, their relatively scarce skills, particular condition in face of the labour markets (organisational careers), and the fact that they represent not only themselves but also the capital flows to which they are associated, suggest its greater fluidity in migration terms. In reality, the number of highly skilled migrants moving within the organisational structure of transnational corporations is still very low. As a result, the proportion of "national" staff continues to be dominant in local branches of transnational corporations. The clear trend to growth that indeed exists is faced with a number of powerful obstacles to mobility. These cover a wide array of variables: economic and financial, political and juridical, social and cultural, labour markets related or individual and familial ones. The most important increase in mobility thus seems to happen with business travels (short-term) and not with the classical migrant (long-term) flows. ; Research project on the "Migration of Highly Skilled Workers in Portugal". Project support provided by the JNICT (the current Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology) and the DGOT (Department for Territorial Planning, Ministry of Territorial Planning), which conceded a grant for the entire project (PDGT/QRH/392/94)
CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; This paper aims at providing an overview of highly-skilled labour migration to Sweden, specifically focussing on Indian migrants. The paper provides an outline of the recent changes in migration policy, the current regulatory framework and statistics illustrating the migration inflows in recent years. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union
CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; The paper aims at providing an overview of skilled labour migration to Norway, specifically focussing on highly-skilled labour migrants from India. The first part presents relevant migration policies in Norway: their history, their general characteristics, and some features of specific relevance for highly-skilled labour migrants from India. It ends with a critical assessment of an on-going policy process. The second part of the report presents some relevant data from official data registers, in five tables and one figure. This second part concludes with a critical appraisal of the data. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union.
The political discussion on intra-European mobility differentiates between mobile, internationally employable individuals and immobile, locally employed ones. Mobile EU citizens, in turn, are subdivided into "attractive" highly skilled workers and "unwanted" lower skilled workers. Transnational labour mobility among the highly skilled often results from an individual's free will to move, disregarding structural reasons. This article examines the expectations and experiences of highly skilled Swedish labour migrants seeking qualified employment in Germany and the UK, exploring their strategies and modes of handling the mismatch between expectations and actual experiences. The findings demonstrate that the vulnerability migrants experience while working abroad does not seem to affect their self-understanding of being independent, flexible and highly mobile European citizens. The interviewees' self-understanding is therefore conceptualised as an imagined independence, and one that stands in sharp contrast to their experiences of vulnerability and unexpected difficulty in the host country. ; Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv
The political discussion on intra-European mobility differentiates between mobile, interna- tionally employable individuals and immobile, locally employed ones. Mobile EU citizens, in turn, are subdivided into "attractive" highly skilled workers and "unwanted" lower skil- led workers. Transnational labour mobility among the highly skilled often results from an individual's free will to move, disregarding structural reasons. This article examines the expectations and experiences of highly skilled Swedish labour migrants seeking qualified employment in Germany and the UK, exploring their strategies and modes of handling the mismatch between expectations and actual experiences. The findings demonstrate that the vulnerability migrants experience while working abroad does not seem to affect their self-understanding of being independent, flexible and highly mobile European citizens. The interviewees' self-understanding is therefore conceptualised as an imagined independence, and one that stands in sharp contrast to their experiences of vulnerability and unexpected dif- ficulty in the host country.
CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; In Ireland, the demand for specific skills has consistently exceeded available supply from the EEA labour market since the early 2000s. As a result, Ireland has aimed to attract key talent from non-EEA countries to fill skills shortages in specific sectors such as IT, engineering, finance and healthcare. This has led to the introduction of a wide range of policy measures over the years, including Green Cards for highly skilled workers and various measures to retain international students, even if such measures have become controversial in the context of economic recession and high unemployment in recent times. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union
