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The design approaches of new exterior additions to historic buildings have been among the ongoing debates in the field of architectural conservation. The aim of this study is to develop an assessment method, which can be used to determine the compatibility in architectural expression of the new addition in relation to the characteristics of a historic building. This method is based on the architectural analysis, which includes environmental relations, building-lot relations, mass relations and the facade composition of the historic building both before and after the new addition in relation to the value of a historical building. In this study, a selected group of historic buildings in Izmir, Turkey with new exterior additions was analysed with regard to their exterior architectural characteristics in order to evaluate the compatibility of the new addition, by employing the use of contemporary conservation principles. The importance of this study is to guide architects to form the basis of a decision for developing an integrated approach in designing new additions in the course of the actual design process. On the other hand, the proposed method can be evaluated as a contribution to the emerging field of heritage impact assessments as well as scientific assistance to local governments to criticize specific projects of cultural heritage assets submitted for appraisal. Analysis results showed that the value of the historic building should first clearly be identified and a new addition should bear the identity of its own period. However, instead of altering the scale or form of the historic building, a new addition should complement and contribute to the sense of proportion, disposition and historical pattern. © 2012.

For centuries health institutions have been the most traditional community-oriented providers of public services. The paper focuses on the initial steps of urban development of health facilities in Vilnius city. Historic health institutions are analysed as a specific prototype of what is understood today as a "hospital". In the paper special attention is drawn to the process of emerging of "a hospital" as an independent public institution, its connections to other public buildings, its urban integrity with adjusting and surrounding development as well as its architectural importance for Vilnius city. Having emerged as a consistent part of religious and sacral complexes, health institutions (špitolės – in Lithuanian) occupied a part of space in traditional convents, located throughout Vilnius Old Town. In early years (around the 15th–16th c) health and treatment spaces were based in ordinary rooms of convents and monasteries. Later in the 17th-18th c they were transferred to specially designated blocks and houses within a convent territory and occupied a major part of spaces there. In the late 18th – 18th c health facilities gradually were disconnected from convents and churches to separate building complexes and finally became completely a new and independent type of public institutions. During the historical periods of development health complexes changed their functional layout and so their planning from initial missions of "separation" and "isolation" to "care" and developed finally to "healing" and "cure". Analysis of selected cases in Vilnius Old Town reveals that as long as changes in urban location of health complexes took place, it was followed by their functional evolution. Making an integral part in numerous sacral complexes, usually consisting of a church, convent, healing centre, garden and cemetery, health institutions were a part of important "architectural hills" that are clearly notable as vertical and spatial landmarks in the surrounding townscape of Vilnius city. Artistic spatial arrangement and architectural expression are the other specific traits that distinguish health complexes – hospitals – in the context of surrounding development. Health complexes have always played the most important public role in Vilnius city as centres of social aid, community life, religion, culture and health services for local neighbourhoods. Research on the development of health institutions in historical run is a strong foundation to build up the perspectives for architectural and municipal policies for the future of these complexes. The issue gains special importance in the recent situation of essential transformation of the public health care system in Lithuania and in Vilnius city. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų – šiandienos ligoninių prototipo – urbanistinės raidos analizė istoriniu rakursu. Atskleidžiama pirmųjų sveikatos priežiūros objektų – gydyklų – raidos chronologija išryškina jų ryšius su kitais visuomeniniais kompleksais, jungtis su gretimu ir aplinkiniu miesto apstatymu, taip pat architektūrinę svarbą Vilniaus miestui. Atsiradę po Vilniaus senamiestį pasklidusiuose vienuolynų pastatuose nuo XV a., sveikatos priežiūros objektai pradžioje užėmė dalį jų gyvenamųjų patalpų. Vėliau XVI-XVII a. gydymo paslaugos buvo tolydžio perkeliamos į atskirus vienuolynų pastatus ar jų priskirtas dalis, kur užėmė didžiąją dalį patalpų. XVIII–XIX a. sveikatos priežiūros pastatai palaipsniui prarado glaudų rysį su sakraliniais pastatais, atsiskyrė nuo jų ir tapo nauju viešųjų paslaugų pastato – ligoninės – tipu. Per raidos šimtmečius sveikatos priežiūros ir gydymo pastatai įgavo savo unikalią funkcinę ir erdvinę struktūrą pagal teikiamas paslaugas, kurias pradžioje sudarė atskyrimas, globa bei priežiūra, vėliau – gydymas ir sveikatos priežiūra. Atliktas tyrimas rodo, kad sveikatos priežiūros gydymo pastatams atsiskiriant nuo vienuolynų, keitėsi ir jų funkcinė struktūra. Būdami dalimi sakralinių kompleksų, kuriuos dažniausiai sudarė bažnyčia, vienuolynas, gydykla, sodas ar parkas bei kapinės, gydymui naudojami vienuolynų pastatai išsiskyrė Vilniaus siluetuose ir panoramose – jie buvo raiškių "architektūrinių kalvų" dalimi. Šių pastatų grupių išraišką lėmė jų ypatinga erdvinė kompozicija bei architektūrinė raiška. Sveikatos priežiūros ir gydymo pastatai per visus laikus išlaikė itin glaudžius ryšius su vietos bendruomenėmis, teikdami joms socialinę pagalbą ir sveikatos priežiūrą, būdami religijos ir kultūros centrai. Šių pastatų kompleksų istorinės raidos tyrimas yra tvirtas pagrindas, skirtas paremti šių kompleksų architektūrinės tvarkybos ir municipalinės politikos principams. Šis klausimas yra ypač aktualus šiandieną, kai pradedama radikaliai pertvarkyti sveikatos priežiūros sistemą Lietuvoje ir Vilniaus mieste. First Published Online: 22 May 2013 Reikšminiai žodžiai:urbanistinis planavimas,sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų architektūra,socialinė pagalba, siluetas, kraštovaizdis, funkcinė struktūra, kompozicija,ligoninė

The island of Elba, under the historical and architectural aspect, is known for the affairs concerning the Grand Ducal fortified town of Cosmopoli (Portoferraio) and for the Napoleonic events. Less known, but of great historical importance, has been the presence of Spanish, during the Tuscan Presidios, between 1557 to 1708. The fortifications of San Giacomo and Focardo in Longone (Porto Azzurro) date back to this period. The article illustrates the latest studies of these two Spanish Seventeenth-Century military architectures: there are summarized below, briefly, the most interesting emerged results, based on documents and cartographies, as well as observing and studying directly the architectures. It concludes with a comparison between some contemporary examples, with the purpose of determining influences and the role of these structures had in development of fortified architecture of XVII century.

Item 624-E-1 ; "NPS D-12"--P. [220]. ; "April 1988." ; Shipping list no.: 88-682-P. ; Bibliography: p. 197-199. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The City of Conway has been the governmental and commercial center of Horry County since the eighteenth century, when it was known as Kingston. In 2005, the City of Conway funded a new survey of its unique historic properties with a grant from the State Historic Preservation Office. The survey proposed a boundary extension to the already listed commercial historic district, identified a new residential historic district as eligible for listing, and determined six individual properties eligible for the National Register.

Design thinking draws upon two realms-the realm of knowledge and the realm of ethics. The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between these two realms within the context of environmental design practice and education. The essence of our argument is the necessity for applying the teleological approach in ethics to the justification of design decisions. This requires the use of the best available source in the realm of knowledge to justify the attitudes or decisions taken in the design process. This position has major implications for the nature of the cooperative process between environmentbehavior studies researchers and architects in both the design practice and the architectural education process.

Abstract
In the attempt to improve patient treatment and recovery, researchers focus on applying concepts of hospitality to hospitals. Often these concepts are dominated by hotel-metaphors focusing on host–guest relationships or concierge services. Motivated by a project trying to improve patient treatment and recovery through the architecture framing eating experiences, this article examines, from a theoretical perspective, two less debated concepts relating to hospitality called food design and architectural theatricality.
In architectural theory the nineteenth century German architect Gottfried Semper is known for his writings on theatricality, understood as a holistic design approach emphasizing the contextual, cultural, ritual and social meanings rooted in architecture. Relative hereto, the International Food Design Society recently argued, in a similar holistic manner, that the methodology used to provide an aesthetic eating experience includes knowledge on both food and design. Based on a hermeneutic reading of Semper's theory, our thesis is that this holistic design approach is important when debating concepts of hospitality in hospitals. We use this approach to argue for how 'food design' is an overlooked element in hospital eating environments today, and further point at how Semper's discourse on theatricality can be used to add a more nuanced perspective to future hospitality studies.

The aim of this paper is to undertake a critical appreciation of the historic cultural quarter along the eastern edge of Lake Pichola in Udaipur, which is a result of its unique context with the objective of understanding the forces that underpin this development, examine its existing state, and highlight key concerns. The main issues that were highlighted include preservation of existing traditions, conservation and adaptive reuse of historic structures, sensitive and participatory planning and design, formalising of street activities, provision of infrastructure, and administrative structures to deliver the project, and organisation of awareness programs for the local community.The aim of this study is to develop a critical appreciation of the historic core and cultural quarter along the eastern edge of Lake Pichola in Udaipur, which is a result of its unique climatic, social, and topographical context, to chart the changes to this context, to draw attention to past patterns of growth. The objective is also to understand the forces that have influenced and underpin this development, examine its existing state and highlight key concerns. The study is limited to the historic core along the waterfront and its related structures along the eastern bank of Lake Pichola in Udaipur. The study demonstrated that the historic core along the lake front is a result of evolution that has been guided by dominant determinants such as its socio-economic hierarchy/structure, political, cultural, and religious factors, climate, availability of materials and technology. The overall form, settlement pattern and the massing of buildings in Udaipur are dominated by its physical attributes and in consonance with the topography and landscape, and ordered by the generative force of its land form and the lake. It is, however, subject to severe developmental and environmental pressures as a result of intense tourism related and commercial activities, unwarranted and haphazard building activities, continuous neglect of residential ...

Introduction : Galveston Island and Hurricane Ike / W. Dwayne Jones -- Evolution of the Texas coast / John Anderson -- Storm surge : one of the world's foremost natural hazards / Hal Needham -- Reshaping Galveston Island after the 1900 hurricane / Jodi Wright-Gidley -- Resilient housing lessons from Katrina / Claudette Hanks Reichel -- Miami Beach rising above / Bruce A. Mowry -- Hurricane Harvey : arts and cultural recovery six months after the storm / Debbie McNulty -- The Dutch tradition of flood control : shifting attitudes toward flood risk reduction / B. L. M. "Bee" Kothuis and A. D. "Nikki" Brand -- Conclusion / Matthew Pelz.

Modernist practice, the modernist way of conservation and restoration, is against historicism, against reconstruction. The main rule is: deceit, forgery, falsification is forbidden. Despite this, some reconstructions were undertaken in Hungary, and recently the pressure for reconstructions has become even greater. Unfortunately, the categories of listed buildings, open-air museums and Disneyland are sometimes mixed up by the public and even by decision makers.