This essay explores the informed consent ramifications of the confluence of these two phenomena: developments in medical technology and emerging adulthood. In particular, it explores consent to medical treatments by emerging adults that are both elective and irreversible. In such cases, policy considerations dictate that additional safeguards be implemented to ensure that the consent given is truly informed. Part II of this essay provides an overview of the informed consent doctrine and outlines a variety of advancements in elective medical technology. Part III explores the concept of emerging adulthood. Part IV suggests that when emerging adults seek medical treatments that are elective, non-emergent, and irreversible, the law should require deliberative consent, a process that mandates counseling by a patient advocate along with a waiting period.
Lettered on cover, vol. I : Reign of Henry the Eighth; vol. II : Reigns of Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth. ; The general title as above appears only as running title. The regular title-pages present the special titles of the separate volumes as given in contents below. ; I. The history of the reign of Henry the Eighth: comprising the political history of the commencement of the English reformation.--II. The history of the reigns of Edward the Sixth, Mary, and Elizabeth. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Recon28.
Lettered on cover, vol. I-II: Reign of Henry the Eighth; vol. III-IV: Reigns of Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth. ; The general title as above appears only on the half-title. The regular title-pages present the special title of the separate volumes as given in contents below. ; I-II. The history of the reign of Henry the Eighth: comprising the political history of the commencement of the English reformation.--III-IV. The history of the reigns of Edward the Sixth, Mary, and Elizabeth. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Technology in the information revolution has provided many unique benefits to instructional programs. Normally in the growth of technology applications in education, we are moving towards a Virtual Reality where the distance between the teacher and the taught is nil. The possibility of such virtual reality can be made by generating good e-Contents and accessible by all. E-contents are basically a package that satisfies the conditions like i.e. minimization of the distance, cost effectiveness, user-friendliness and adaptability to local conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate e-content package on the unit "the Beginning of Modern Age" of IX standard student's history syllabus of Tamil Nadu government.
From the monarchical terror of the Middle Ages to the mangled Europe of the Twenty-first Century, A People's History of Modern Europe tracks the history of the continent through the deeds of those whom mainstream history tries to forget. Europe provided the perfect conditions for a great number of political revolutions from below. The German peasant wars of Thomas Müntzer, the bourgeoisie revolutions of the eighteenth century through to the rise of the industrial worker in England and the turbulent journey of the Russian Soviets, the role of the European working class throughout the Cold War, students in 1968 and through to the present day, where we continue to fight to forge an alternative to the barbaric economic system. With sections focusing on the role of women, this history sweeps away the tired platitudes of the privileged which our current understanding is based upon, and provides an opportunity to see our history differently. ; An accessible history for anyone interested in discovering the alternative story of Modern Europe. ; Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ; From the monarchical terror of the Middle Ages to the mangled Europe of the Twenty-first Century, A People's History of Modern Europe tracks the history of the continent through the deeds of those whom mainstream history tries to forget. Europe provided the perfect conditions for a great number of political revolutions from below. The German peasant wars of Thomas Müntzer, the bourgeoisie revolutions of the eighteenth century through to the rise of the industrial worker in England and the turbulent journey of the Russian Soviets, the role of the European working class throughout the Cold War, students in 1968 and through to the present day, where we continue to fight to forge an alternative to the barbaric economic system. With sections focusing on the role of women, this history sweeps away the tired platitudes of the privileged which our current understanding is based upon, and provides an opportunity to see our history differently. ; An accessible history for anyone interested in discovering the alternative story of Modern Europe. ; Mode of access: Internet.
From the monarchical terror of the Middle Ages to the mangled Europe of the Twenty-first Century, A People's History of Modern Europe tracks the history of the continent through the deeds of those whom mainstream history tries to forget. Europe provided the perfect conditions for a great number of political revolutions from below. The German peasant wars of Thomas Müntzer, the bourgeoisie revolutions of the eighteenth century through to the rise of the industrial worker in England and the turbulent journey of the Russian Soviets, the role of the European working class throughout the Cold War, students in 1968 and through to the present day, where we continue to fight to forge an alternative to the barbaric economic system. With sections focusing on the role of women, this history sweeps away the tired platitudes of the privileged which our current understanding is based upon, and provides an opportunity to see our history differently.
Gondwanaland was a southern mega-continent that began to break up 180 million years ago. This article explores Gondwanaland's modern history, its unexpected political and cultural purchase since the 1880s. Originating with geological and palaeontological research in the Gond region of Central India, 'Gondwana' has become recognisable and useful, especially in settler colonial contexts. This prospectus sets out a program for a highly unusual 'transnational' project, involving scholars of India, Australia, Antarctica, southern Africa and South America. Unpredictably across the five continents of former Gondwanaland, the term itself signals depth of time and place across the spectrum of Indigenous land politics, coal-based extractive politics, and, paradoxically, nationalist environmental politics. All kinds of once-living Gondwanaland biota deliver us fossil fuels today – the 'gifts of Gondwana' some geologists call southern hemisphere coal, gas, petroleum – and so the modern history of Gondwanaland is also a substantive history of the Anthropocene.
The height of the French male population of the Ancien Régime is estimated, on the basis of military records, to have been about 162 cm in the 17th century. This extremely short stature implies that, "the crisis of the 17th century" had an immense impact on the human organism itself. The improvement in climatic conditions at the turn of the 18th century had an ameliorating effect on the human organism, increasing in size by nearly 4 cms within a span of 12 years. Improved weather had a beneficial impact on agricultural conditions as well as a direct effect on biological processes. The physical stature of men increased until the birth cohorts of the 1740s, to decline thereafter, in keeping with the European pattern, although the decline of the second half of the 18th century was not more severe than elsewhere in Europe. France was not suffering from a prolonged period of malnutrition of unusual severity, and the threat of a Malthusian crisis was mild compared to 17th-century conditions. Hence, the anthropometric evidence supports the notion that the French economic malaise was not a fundamental cause of the political turmoil. To be sure, there were very large social differences in the biological standard of living, which clearly fuelled the fires of revolution. The height of the French upper classes was 7 cm above average, but, that, too, was standard for contemporary Europe.
Since Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence in 1995, its path has been a rocky one. Unwillingness by the international community to stand by the central government and stand in the way of the neighboring states of Serbia and Croatia's territorial pretensions, produced a succession of ceasefire agreements, culminating in the final, Dayton Peace Agreement. Each of these agreements espoused the ethnic principle as the guiding philosophy for the organization of the state. The post-war period demonstrates that despite the passage of time, the principle of organization of multi-ethnic state along ethnic lines presents a stumbling block to the functioning of the political, economic and social life in the country. The political history of post-independence Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) therefore reads as a history of protracted political paralysis, with no hope of rectifying the problems without another forceful intervention of the international community.
"The course of study here outlined is in very large part the outgrowth of a syllabus used . in a beginning course in modern history in Columbia University. This book, indeed, is a complete revision and enlargement of a third edition of that earlier syllabus, published by Columbia University in 1916."--Introd. ; "Intended to accompany Carlton J. H. Hayes, A political and social history of modern Europe." ; "Bibliographical note": p. ix-x. ; Mode of access: Internet.
The modern era of vaccination was heralded with the licensure of the first 2 measles vaccines in 1963. This new era was distinct from the preceding era of vaccination for 4 main reasons. First, federal leadership in support of immunization at the local level grew. Second, immunization proponents championed the required vaccination of children as the best means of ensuring a protected population. Third, immunization proponents championed the idea that mass vaccination would not only help manage infectious diseases but also eradicate them. Fourth, the focus of local and federally supported immunization initiatives began to extend to the "mild" and "moderate" diseases of childhood (eg, measles), so-called because they were seen as less severe than previous targets of mass vaccination, such as smallpox, polio, and diphtheria. This article follows the history of measles to explore immunization successes and challenges in this modern era, because measles was the first of the mild and moderate diseases to become the target of a federally supported eradication-through-vaccination campaign, one that relied heavily on the preemptive, required vaccination of children. Its story thus epitomizes the range of political, epidemiological, cultural, and communications challenges to mass immunization in the modern era of vaccination.
»Sicherheit und Verschwörung in der Neuzeit«. Security History is a new field in historical research. Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories have attracted since some years great attention, both in historical and in social research. A thorough study of those both opposed and mirroring key phenomena and concepts does not exist. This contribution tries to outline a sketch of the development of their interwoven history, how (imagined) conspiracies challenged new means of security production and vice versa. The main assumption is that a) a translocal public sphere, b) concepts, practices and means of institutionalized security production, and c) developed narratives that contain conspiracy theories only emerge together from the Renaissance onwards. Only if there is a public sphere in which conspiracy theories can circulate anonymously they become themselves an element of historical agency. Security as a leading principle of politics emerges only with the development of the state. The contribution outlines the steps of change from confessional age to Enlightenment, to the Revolutionary age and to Modernity, identifying mainly two important systematic changings which affect the security/conspiracy combination (Emergence of observability alongside the politics/religion and Ancien Régime/ Bourgeois Society distinctions). It finally asks if there is currently happening a third epochal shift of comparable importance.
The article considers the problems of discrimination of persons on the basis of age criteria. Particular attention is paid to the problem of discrimination against the elderly. It is stated, that aging is a global problem due to its dual nature. On the one hand, we can say about the trend of increasing life expectancy, which is a consequence of the development of science, medicine and biotechnology, on the other hand, the cause of aging is the low birth rate, which falls annually. One of the legal manifestations of the population aging is increasing discrimination. Health status, type and level of activity, labor productivity and other socio-economic characteristics of the elderly change significantly. New measures and concepts of population aging have significant consequences for assessing the standard of living and living conditions of this category of people, their productive rate and other contribution to society and their needs for social protection and health care. Age discrimination is positioned as one of the manifestations of prejudice, associated with the so-called ageism, the spread of presumed group features, related to age, to persons belonging to the appropriate age group, regardless of their individual characteristics. It has been proven, that despite the significant positive axiological aspects of public health care, the interplanetary trend of an aging nation carries global challenges, including social and economic challenges, tax, communication, psychological and legal. Age equality ensures equal participation in society for people of all ages and is an important factor in the legal policy of democracy states. The problem of age discrimination is complex, discrimination in old age is rare for reasons only of old age, more often it is based on multiple factors of social, economic, gender, labor criteria. The authors single out the types of age discrimination in the following areas: in the socio-economic sphere; labor discrimination; in the field of social activity and communication, gender and ...
