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Das Verhältnis zwischen Öffentlichkeit und Religion ist einer der großen Klassiker der Geistesgeschichte, der bis heute nichts von seiner Bedeutung eingebüßt hat. Mit großer Regelmäßigkeit rekurrieren Soziologen und Politikwissenschaftler auf eine Rückkehr der Religionen in den öffentlichen Raum. Im Zuge von Säkularisierung, Globalisierung und Digitalisierung stehen moderne Öffentlichkeiten und Religionen in einem stetig komplexeren Netz wechselseitiger Transformation. Einen besonderen Kristallisationspunkt dieses intensiven Wechselverhältnisses bilden die beiden großen Schlüsselthemen öffentliche Bildung und universitäre Forschung. Die im vorliegenden Band versammelten Beiträge beleuchten schlaglichtartig einige ausgewählte Aspekte in diesem weiten Feld vom Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart.

International audience ; It can be said that mathematics education in Japan was started in 1872 when the school system was established. Since that establishment era, controversies have emerged time and again in mathematics education in Japan. Through these controversies, debates have been held on views on mathematics education such as how mathematics ought to be taught and what constitutes knowledge concerning numbers, quantities, and shapes that is desirable for students to acquire. In this paper, I shall look back at how views on mathematics education in Japan have developed since the Meiji era from the perspective of such controversies on mathematics education. As the controversies on mathematics education, the four phases are picked up. The first is Theoretical Mathematics and the Enumeration Principle. The second is Controversy over Formal Building. The third is Conventional Teaching of Mathematics and the Creation of Mathematics. The forth is Relationship between Daily Life and Mathematics. With regard to the conflict between theoretical arithmetic and the enumeration principle, debates were held over which policy to adopt in the process of editing the first government–designated textbook which was published in 1905. The conflict was ultimately settled when it was decided that the enumeration principle would be adopted. Attention must be paid to the fact that this conflict was taking place in an era when it was questioned what constitutes mathematics education in introducing the modern education system in Japan. In the controversy over formal building in 1920's , both the opponents and proponents based their arguments on overseas theories and survey results. The controversy was not settled in the form of one view being adopted while the other view was discarded in the education policy and the editorial policy concerning government-designated textbooks. Regarding formal building, assertions regarding the objectives of mathematics education and what is desirable for children to acquire are at the basis of ...

Ce document est une contribution à l'analyse du phénomène de la « disparition » des forêts tropicales. Il aborde ce problème mondial dans le cas particulier de l'Amazonie brésilienne,soit sur près d'un demi-milliard d'hectares. Il ramène l'ampleur du phénomène à de plus justes proportions. Il met l'accent sur la pauvreté de cette forêt en espèces actuellement commercialisables, la pauvreté et la fragilité de ses sols. Il conclut que, comme presque partout ailleurs, le problème est moins de nature technique qu'agricole, sociale ou politique. ; This paper is a contribution to the analysis of the phenomenon of the « disappearance » of the tropical forests. This global problem is approached from the point of view of Brazilian Amazonia,an area of about hait a billion hectares,reducing the extent of the problem to more manageable proportions, with the emphasis on the dearth of currently marketable species in this forest, and the poorness and instability of its soils. It is concluded that as almost everywhere else,the problem is not so much technical as agricultural, social or political.

International audience ; This paper is a contribution to the analysis of the phenomenon of the « disappearance » of the tropical forests. This global problem is approached from the point of view of Brazilian Amazonia,an area of about hait a billion hectares,reducing the extent of the problem to more manageable proportions, with the emphasis on the dearth of currently marketable species in this forest, and the poorness and instability of its soils. It is concluded that as almost everywhere else,the problem is not so much technical as agricultural, social or political. ; Ce document est une contribution à l'analyse du phénomène de la « disparition » des forêts tropicales. Il aborde ce problème mondial dans le cas particulier de l'Amazonie brésilienne,soit sur près d'un demi-milliard d'hectares. Il ramène l'ampleur du phénomène à de plus justes proportions. Il met l'accent sur la pauvreté de cette forêt en espèces actuellement commercialisables, la pauvreté et la fragilité de ses sols. Il conclut que, comme presque partout ailleurs, le problème est moins de nature technique qu'agricole, sociale ou politique.

International audience This paper is a contribution to the analysis of the phenomenon of the « disappearance » of the tropical forests. This global problem is approached from the point of view of Brazilian Amazonia,an area of about hait a billion hectares,reducing the extent of the problem to more manageable proportions, with the emphasis on the dearth of currently marketable species in this forest, and the poorness and instability of its soils. It is concluded that as almost everywhere else,the problem is not so much technical as agricultural, social or political. ; Ce document est une contribution à l'analyse du phénomène de la « disparition » des forêts tropicales. Il aborde ce problème mondial dans le cas particulier de l'Amazonie brésilienne,soit sur près d'un demi-milliard d'hectares. Il ramène l'ampleur du phénomène à de plus justes proportions. Il met l'accent sur la pauvreté de cette forêt en espèces actuellement commercialisables, la pauvreté et la fragilité de ses sols. Il conclut que, comme presque partout ailleurs, le problème est moins de nature technique qu'agricole, sociale ou politique.

With the emergence of what is called 4.0 Revolution, with the technology advance, in the actual social, economic and ideological contexts all marked by relations and communications mediated by technology, there is no way for the Public Administration's future then using the same technology.The Administration must get adapted to the technological reality in order to rescue the democratic participation of the collectivity especially from new generations.Technology can contribute to the dialogue between Government and the collectivity, in order to enhance democratic participation, from distinct people, moving away from merely formal democracy centered on the famous binary "yes" or "no".In view of a dialogical and democratic Public Administration, more opened to the citizens and to their participation, the use of technology, as a form of open and dialogical government it is one way to achieve good public governance with expansion and redemption of citizen participation.The brazilian system named "fala.br" is an example of an initial project of interactive digital system of open government that allows change of data with all federal organs and with these and other federated organs and, the most important, with the citizens. ; With the emergence of what is called 4.0 Revolution, with the technology advance, in the actual social, economic and ideological contexts all marked by relations and communications mediated by technology, there is no way for the Public Administration's future then using the same technology.The Administration must get adapted to the technological reality in order to rescue the democratic participation of the collectivity especially from new generations.Technology can contribute to the dialogue between Government and the collectivity, in order to enhance democratic participation, from distinct people, moving away from merely formal democracy centered on the famous binary "yes" or "no".In view of a dialogical and democratic Public Administration, more opened to the citizens and to their participation, the use of technology, as a form of open and dialogical government it is one way to achieve good public governance with expansion and redemption of citizen participation.The brazilian system named "fala.br" is an example of an initial project of interactive digital system of open government that allows change of data with all federal organs and with these and other federated organs and, the most important, with the citizens.

Der Beitrag analysiert die historische Perspektive der Entstehung des Hutu-Tutsi-Koflikts in Rwanda. In weiteren Beiträgen wird die Krise in Zentralafrika in unterschiedlichen Dimensionen beleuchtet. Angesprochen wird unter anderem die Reaktion Frankreichs bzw. französischer Afrikanisten auf den Genozid 1994 in Rwanda. (DÜI-Kör)