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Introduction -- 1. The Formation of Feudalism -- 2. The Completion of Feudalism -- 3. Land System of Feudalism -- 4. Patriarchal Clan System of Feudalism -- 5. Feudal Classes I -- 6. Feudal Classes II -- 7. Feudal Politics -- 8. Collapse of Feudalism -- Conclusion.

"From 1368 to 1953, China's administrative divisions were mainly composed of counties, prefectures, and provinces. This book shows the population figures, density, and changes in the provincial population in China during this period and population figures of each major city and town and its proportion in terms of the provincial population during this period - the urbanization rate. Data in this book is drawn partly from historical sources and partly from statistical-model-based calculations. The book also includes provincial population maps in 1393, and their original statistical models, population databases, and metadata"--

"From 1368 to 1953, China's administrative divisions were mainly composed of counties, prefectures, and provinces. This book shows the population figures, density, and changes in the provincial population in China during this period and population figures of each major city and town and its proportion in terms of the provincial population during this period - the urbanization rate. Data in this book is drawn partly from historical sources and partly from statistical-model-based calculations. The book also includes provincial population maps in 1393, and their original statistical models, population databases, and metadata"--

"This book is one of the first few books written in English on Chaozhou culture and history. It compiles information from Chinese and English sources including archive material, newspapers, academic works and publications. It presents a panorama view of the Teochews in Singapore. The book is divided into three sections. The first section covers the history of Chaozhou, the Chaozhou culture, the Teochew ethnicity and the migration of the Teochew people to Southeast Asia. The second section covers the history, activities and contributions of the Teochews in Singapore from the 19th century. The third section covers core elements of the Chaozhou culture, including customs and practices, cuisine and tea culture, performing arts and craftworks. With carefully selected photos, pictures and comprehensive accounts, this book takes the general readers on a fascinating journey of the Teochew heritage. For those who wish to continue learning more about Chaozhou culture and history, a selected bibliography is provided at the end of the book."--Publisher's website

Wong, Kin Hung. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-198). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i. ; ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.iii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v ; TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.xix ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Background to this Study --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of this Study --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of this Study --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.4 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Orientation towards Language --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Structuralist Notions --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Poststructuralist Notions --- p.7 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Orientation towards Identity --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Structuralist Notions --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Poststructuralist Notions --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Language and Identity --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.4.1 --- Code Switching --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.5 --- "Language, Identity and Culture" --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.6 --- "Attitude, Motivation and Willingness to Communicate (WTC)" --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.6.1 --- Attitude --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.6.2 --- Motivation --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.6.1 --- Social Psychological Perspective --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.6.2 --- Sociocultural Perspective --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.6.3 --- Willingness to Communicate (WTC) --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.7 --- Language Use and Cultural Identity in Hong Kong --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.7.1 --- Political and Sociolinguistic Background of Hong Kong --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.7.2 --- Surveys of Cultural Identity in Hong Kong --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.7.3 --- Empirical Studies on Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes in Hong Kong --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.7.3.1 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of English --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.7.3.2 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of Cantonese --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.7.3.3 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes ...

Um der gestiegenen wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung des Landes gerecht zu werden, beschloss der Nationale Volkskongress der Volksrepublik China, bis 2020 ein marktwirtschaftlich orientiertes Zivilgesetzbuch zu schaffen. Erster Schritt war der Erlass der General Rules of Civil Law im März 2017, eines neuen Allgemeinen Teils für das Zivilrecht. Im Rahmen einer Tagung der Forschungsstelle für chinesisches Recht an der Universität Augsburg diskutierten chinesische und deutsche Rechtswissenschaftler im Juli 2017 Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der Rechtsordnungen sowie deren gesellschaftliche und politischen Hintergründe. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Teilbereiche Allgemeine Rechtsprinzipien, natürliche und juristische Personen, Recht der Willenserklärungen und das Haftungsrecht gelegt. Die Ergebnisse präsentiert der nun vorliegende Tagungsband. Er konzentriert sich auf verschiedene Teilbereiche der Reform und stellt diese aus chinesischer und bisweilen auch aus deutscher Perspektive dar. Außerdem enthält der Band den originalen chinesischen Gesetzestext der General Rules of Civil Law, sowie eine synoptisch dazu dargestellte englisch- und deutschsprachige Übersetzung des Gesetzestextes.Mit Beiträgen vonProf. Dr. Hao Li; Prof. Dr. Thomas M.J. Möllers; Prof. Dr. Hongjie Man; Prof. Dr. Raphael Koch; Finn Mrugalla; Prof. Dr. Tong Zhang; Prof. Dr. Michael Kort; Dr. Tianfan Wang; Qiangzhi Hu; Prof. Dr. Guangyu Fu; Dr. Jing Jin; Dr. Jieqiong Li

殖民時期的香港一直被丛书新自由主義的經典例子。加上香港殖民政府的剝削本質,它一般不會提供廉價醫療服務給予普羅大眾。然而,儘管有「積極不干預主義」這口號,殖民政府仍然於香港留下了龐大公營醫療系統。為什麼龐大公營醫療系統與放任自由主義並存於二次世界大戰後的香港社會? ; 為了解答以上疑問,本研究將從一九六四年醫療改革,探討香港戰後醫療政策。本文認為,香港研究忽視了冷戰對香港公共衛生的影響。文獻回顧後,實證研究分為三部分。第一部分提出「衛生關注」(Sanitary Concern)不足以構成醫療改革的原因。第二部分通過文本分析,發現六十年代的主流報章不重視醫療改革,由此可見改革並非基於公眾的訴求。最後的部分從戰後政府檔案,發現長遠的公營醫療規劃沿於五十年代後期。同時,戰後公營醫療系統的擴張,更可能是因為殖民政府為了確保足夠的戰時緊急醫療服務,及防止左派利用社區診所滲透入基層。 ; Hong Kong has been regarded as a textbook example of Neo Liberalism. The exploitative nature of a colonial government makes it unlikely for the colonial state to make commitment for low-cost medical services to the general public. However, the slogan of "positive non-interventionism notwithstanding, the strong public health sector in Hong Kong is also a colonial legacy. Why was such a state-centered medical system established in a laissez-faire society after the Second World War? ; This thesis aims at investigating the 1964 hospital reform in Hong Kong to study the colonial governance and arguing that the Cold War factor has been neglected in the analysis of the medical-institutional change. After the literature review, there are three empirical sections to support this explanation. The first part finds that sanitary concern was not a strong reason for the reform. In the second part, a context analysis on newspaper during the 1960s shows that the hospital reform was simply neglected by most newspapers, which implies that the reform was not the direct result of public pressure. The final part looks into the long-term medical planning since the late 1950 and several related medical policies through different archives in order to demonstrate the impacts of Cold War's politics on Hong Kong's medical services provision. Evidences suggest that self-sufficiency of military-emergency medical services and control over the growing influence of left-wing community clinics could be a more convincing explanation for the reform. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Tang, Kai Yi. ...

現代信息技術,以其多元、快速的優勢使人們對中國的民主抱以樂觀的態度。公民參與是一個健康的民主制度的核心要素,如何促進公民的政治參與一直是政治參與研究領域的焦點問題。在互聯網時代,尤其是社交媒體的出現,其廉價、方便、互動性的技術優勢大大增加了政治參與的可行性。大學學生是"互聯網一代"和中國知識分子的代表。因此,了解他們的社會媒體使用行為如何影響其政治知識、政治感知和政治行為、對於認識未來中國的政治變革是重要的。本研究提出"社交媒體使用"及"在線新聞使用"兩個概念,並以此視作政治參與和民主實踐研究範疇下的新討論焦點。 ; 本研究主要探討以下問題:(1)大學生通過何種渠道在線獲取新聞;(2)大學生使用不同的媒體平台獲取新聞的情況如何;(3)在線新聞使用同傳統新聞媒體使用之間的關係如何;(4)計算機能力,互聯網自我效能感,在線和離線新聞使用,社交媒體使用,政治知識,政治效能,政治信任和政治參與等核心變量之間的關係; 以及(5)計算機能力,互聯網自我效能感,在線和離線新聞使用,社交媒體使用之於政治知識、政治感知和政治參與的相對重要性。 ; 本研究採用定量的研究方法。研究的主體是對中國大陸在校大學本科及研究生進行問卷調查;調查前,焦點小組輔助研究結構建立與問卷設計。問卷調查採用多階層整群抽樣的方法,在北京抽取了兩所"elite工程"大學,在長春及杭州各抽取一所非"elite工程"大學的學生參與,樣本數量為624人。研究結果顯示,當中97.4% 的受訪者均使用互聯網獲取新聞。因子分析結果顯示,中國內地大學生主要經由三種信息渠道在線獲取新聞,分別是海外新聞渠道、社交媒體渠道,以及官方新聞渠道。不同信息渠道的使用者其政治常識、政治效能和政治信任亦有所區別。同時,本研究還發現傳統新聞同網絡新聞的使用之間存在互補的關係。 ; 研究結果顯示,人口學變量超越社交媒體和在線新聞使用兩個變量對中國內地大學生的政治認知及政治知識的形成發揮最重要的作用。研究還發現社交媒體和在線新聞在促進線上和線下政治參與方面具有很大潛力。結論部分將詳述本研究的貢獻與實踐意義。 ; Citizen participation is a core element of a healthy democracy, and what facilitates citizens' political activities has long been a central interest in political participation research. In the age of the Internet, especially with the appearance of social media, political participation is greatly facilitated by technology that makes information inexpensive, accessible, and interactive. Modern information technology, with its pluralism and fast speed, has made people optimistic about democracy. University students represent the Net generation and intellectuals in China; therefore, understanding how their social media use affects political knowledge, perception, and participation is valuable, to bring political change to China in the future. ; Expanding the line of previous research, this study aims to address the question of the democratic implications of social media use and online news seeking from the vantage point of how individuals seek news online and how such use may be related to several key indications of individuals' engagement in political life as citizens. Specifically, this study examines (a) the sources through which university students ...

Klappentext: In 2009, to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the People's Republic of China, the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies convened a major conference to discuss the health and longevity of China's ruling system and to consider a fundamental question: After three decades of internal strife and turmoil, followed by an era of reform, entrepreneurialism, and internationalization, is the PRC here for the dynastic long haul? Bringing together scholars and students of China from around the world, the gathering witnessed an energetic exchange of views on four interrelated themes: polities, social transformations, wealth and well-being, and culture, belief, and practice. Edited and expanded from the original conference papers, the wide-ranging essays in this bilingual volume remain true to the conference's aim: to promote open discussion of the past, present, and future of the People's Republic of China.

"A collection of British diplomatic documents, Royal Navy reports of proceedings, and U.S. naval intelligence reports" on the Nanjing Massacre, documenting "the massacre, its aftermath, and the general social conditions in the months that followed"--p. 4 of cover